1 Part of speech, core meaning, and example sentences
| Role | Cebuano | English |
|---|---|---|
| Verb (root) | sulod — “to enter, go inside, put in” | |
| Common noun / adverb | sulod — “inside, interior, contents” |
Predicate order – The conjugated sulod form comes first; any clitic actor-pronoun follows:
Mo-sulod ko sa kwarto pagkahuman nila.
I’ll enter the room after them.
Example sentences
- Mo-sulod ko sa tindahan aron mopalit tubig.
I’ll go into the store to buy water. - Nag-sulod sila sa simbahan samtang nag-ring ang kampana.
They are entering the church while the bell is ringing. - Gi-sulod sa kusinero ang mga panakot sa kaldero.
The cook put the spices into the pot.
2 Verb derivations of sulod
| Form | Voice & aspect | Typical translation | Sample sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
| mag-sulod | Actor-focus, habitual / future | “will usually go in” | Mag-sulod sila sa gym kada alas-sais. |
| mo-sulod | Actor-focus, non-past / imperative | “will enter; enter!” | Mo-sulod ta karon, ha. |
| nag-sulod | Actor-focus, progressive | “is / was entering” | Nag-sulod ko pag-text nimo. |
| ni-sulod / mi-sulod | Actor-focus, completed past | “entered” | Ni-sulod siya sa opisina kagahapon. |
| gi-sulod | Patient-focus, completed past | “was put in / entered by …” | Gi-sulod sa bata ang lapis sa iyang bulsa. |
| sulod-on (-on) | Patient-focus, future / imp. | “to be put into / put it in” | Sulod-on nato ang file sa folder. |
| sulod-an / sulod-i (-an / -i) | Locative / beneficiary | “to put into something / enter for someone” | Sulod-i ko palihog ug yelo ang baso. |
3 Where to place it in a sentence
- Actor focus: Mo-sulod ko sa hallway.
- Patient focus: Gi-sulod ang regalo sa kahon.
- Locative: Sulod-i siya sa grupo sa chat.
4 Common collocations
- sulod sa balay — inside the house
- mag-sulod og bagahe — put luggage in
- walay sulod — empty / no contents
- gi-sulod sa refrigerator — placed in the fridge
- sulod-on nga datos — data to be input
5 Detailed usage notes
- Motion vs. insertion – sulod covers physically entering (mo-sulod sa bus) and placing something inside (gi-sulod ang prutas sa basket).
- Inside as location – As an adverb/noun: naa siya sulod “he’s inside.”
- Locative suffix – -an/-i marks the container/recipient: sulod-i ko ug tubig.
- Patient focus – Use when the thing being placed is topical: gi-sulod ang dokumento.
- Figurative use – Can mean “join” (mo-sulod ko sa team) or “input” (sulod-i ang password).
- Reduplication – sulod-sulod may imply repeatedly going in and out.
6 Common mistakes & tips
| Error | Why wrong | Correct |
|---|---|---|
| Mo-sulod ako sa jeep. | Clitic pronoun must follow verb. | Mo-sulod ko sa jeep. |
| Gi-sulod ko ang file. | gi- needs actor in genitive form. | Gi-sulod ni ko ang file. |
| Sulod-on ta siya! | Imperative should be sulod-i for beneficiary. | Sulod-i siya! |
| Nag-sulod sa room | Missing subject. | Nag-sulod ang mga bisita sa room. |
7 Conversational phrases
- “Sulod ta, ulan man gawas.” — “Let’s go inside, it’s raining outside.”
- “Pwede mo-sulod ang aso?” — “May I bring the dog in?”
- “Na-sulod na nimo ang PIN?” — “Have you already entered the PIN?”
- “Ayaw’g sulod, meeting pa mi.” — “Don’t come in, we’re still in a meeting.”
- “Sulod sa usa ka minuto ra ko.” — “I’ll just be inside for a minute.”
8 Short everyday conversations
- A: Mo-sulod ka sa klase? — Are you going into class?
B: Oo, tardy na gani ko. — Yes, I’m already late. - A: Nag-sulod pa ang mga bisita? — Are the guests still entering?
B: Wala na, puno na sulod. — No, it’s full inside. - A: Sulod-i ko ug data sa form beh. — Please input the data in the form for me.
B: Sige, ako’y bahala. — Sure, I’ll handle it. - A: Ni-sulod diay ka sa bagong club? — You joined the new club?
B: Oo, lingaw man ilang activities. — Yes, their activities are fun. - A: Mag-sulod ta sa mall aron mag-air-con? — Shall we go into the mall for the air-con?
B: Sakto, init kaayo sa gawas. — Right, it’s very hot outside.
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