hayag

1. Part of speech, core meaning, basic usage, and example sentences

Part of speech: adjective (also adverbial for “clearly”)
Core meaning: “bright,” “well-lit,” “clear / obvious,” “early-dawn light.”

Example sentences

• Hayag ang buwan karon gabii. – The moon is bright tonight.
• Hayag kaayo ang kwarto tungod sa dagkong bintana. – The room is very bright because of the big windows.
• Hayag na kaayo ang rason nganong kinahanglan ta molakaw. – The reason why we must leave is already very clear.
• Mata na, hayag-hayag na sa gawas. – Wake up; it’s getting light outside.

2. Linking endings and derivational forms

• Linkers
  • -ng before a consonant → hayag-ng adlaw – bright day.
  • nga before a vowel or for emphasis → hayag nga palibot – well-lit surroundings.
• Degree & intensity
  • mas hayag – brighter / clearer.
  • pinakahayag – brightest / clearest.
  • hayag-hayag – somewhat bright; dawning.
  • hayag kaayo / hayag gyud – very bright / truly clear.
• Exclamatory & abstract nouns
  • Kahayag oy! – How bright!
  • kahayag – brightness, clarity, enlightenment.
  • pagkahayag – the state of being bright.
• Verb-like forms
  • muhayag / nihayag / naghayag – to become bright / clear up.
  • pahayaga! (imperative) / pahayagon – make brighter, illuminate.

3. Where to use it in a sentence

1. Predicate adjective: Ang suga hayag. – The lamp is bright.
2. Modifier with linker: hayag-ng suga.
3. Complement after emphasis: Mao ni ang hayag nga timailhan. – This is the clear sign.

4. Common collocations

• hayag nga adlaw – sunny day
• hayag nga hunahuna – clear mind
• hayag nga dalan – well-lit street
• hayag nga kolor – bright color
• hayag nga kaugmaon – bright future

5. Detailed usage notes

“Hayag” is the default word for physical brightness (hayag nga buwan), but it easily extends to clarity of ideas (hayag nga istratehiya) or hopefulness (hayag nga kaugmaon). Put a linker before a noun; drop it when the adjective is predicative. Comparatives and superlatives use mas / pinaka-. Reduplication (hayag-hayag) suggests dawn light or ‘fairly bright’. Verb forms (e.g., muhayag ang langit – the sky brightens) focus on becoming clearer or lighter.

6. Common mistakes to watch for

• Forgetting the linker (✗ hayag dalan → ✓ hayag-ng dalan).
• Saying hayag mas instead of mas hayag.
• Splitting pinaka away (✗ pinaka hayag → ✓ pinakahayag).
• Using hayag when you really mean “loud” (that’s kusog).
• Misspelling as “hiayag” or writing without hyphen in reduplication.

7. Five conversational phrases

1. Hayag pa kaayo, pwede pata mag-lakaw-lakaw. – It’s still very bright; we can stroll some more.
2. Mas hayag kung tang-tangon nimo ang kurtina. – It’s brighter if you remove the curtain.
3. Pinakahayag gyud ni nga kolor sa palette. – This is the brightest color in the palette.
4. Hayag-hayag na ang langit, hapit na mosubang ang adlaw. – The sky is getting light; sunrise is near.
5. Kahayag sa imong ideya, sayon ra sabton! – Your idea is so clear; easy to understand!

8. Five short conversation exchanges

1. Q: Hayag ba ang aula sa gabii? – Is the hall bright at night?
   A: Oo, hayag kaayo kay LED tanan nga suga. – Yes, very bright because all lights are LED.
2. Q: Ngano mas hayag man ning litrato? – Why is this photo brighter?
   A: Mas hayag kay gi-adjust ang exposure. – Brighter because the exposure was adjusted.
3. Q: Asa ang pinakahayag nga bahin sa museo? – Which is the brightest part of the museum?
   A: Ang atrium ang pinakahayag, daghan skylight. – The atrium is brightest; lots of skylights.
4. Q: Hayag-hayag na ba ang dalan human sa bag-o nga poste? – Is the street somewhat brighter after the new lamp-post?
   A: Oo, dako nag kausaban. – Yes, a big improvement.
5. Q: Unsaon nato pag-hayag pa sa presentation? – How do we brighten up the presentation?
   A: Pahayaga ang slides ug gamiti’g vivid nga kolor. – Brighten the slides and use vivid colors.

9. Multiple-choice dialogue questions

Q1. Hayag ba ang imong kuwarto sa buntag?
A. Hayag kaayo ang akong kuwarto kung buntag.
B. Kuwarto hayag kaayo akong ang kung buntag.
C. Hayag kuwarto kaayo ang akong kung buntag.

Q2. Asa ang mas hayag, ang screen A o screen B?
A. Screen A kaysa B ang mas hayag.
B. Mas hayag kaysa screen A ang screen B.
C. Mas hayag ang screen A kaysa screen B.

Q3. Pinakahayag ba kini nga bulb sa tindahan?
A. Kini pinakahayag bulb sa tindahan.
B. Pinakahayag kini nga bulb sa tindahan.
C. Bulb kini pinakahayag sa tindahan.

Q4. Ngano hayag ra imong panan-aw sa isyu?
A. Hayag ra akong panan-aw kay klaro man ang datos.
B. Ako hayag ra panan-aw kay klaro datos ang.
C. Klaro man ang datos panan-aw hayag ra ako kay.

Q5. Kinsa’y naay hayag-hayag nga ideya para sa logo?
A. Naay si Bea hayag-hayag ideya.
B. Hayag-hayag ideya naay si Bea.
C. Si Bea naay hayag-hayag nga ideya.

Answer key

• Q1 – A is correct. Predicate hayag kaayo comes naturally before subject. The other choices mix article order.
• Q2 – C is correct. Cebuano comparative pattern “Mas hayag ang X kaysa Y.” A and B misplace elements.
• Q3 – A is correct. Demonstrative kini first, then noun, fits one acceptable inversion; B & C mis-order linker or noun.
• Q4 – A is correct. Predicate then causal clause; B and C scramble subject-predicate sequence.
• Q5 – C is correct. Structure “naay + subject + description” stays intact; A and B break the pattern.