lisod

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1 Part of speech, core meaning, usage, and example sentences

Part of speech: adjective (also adverb)
Core meaning: “hard,” “difficult,” “tough,” “challenging,” whether mentally, physically, or logistically.

Example sentences

  • Lisod ang eksam kung dili ka mag-tuon. – The exam is difficult if you don’t study.
  • Lisod kaayo ang dalan tungod sa bato-bato. – The road is very hard because it’s rocky.
  • Lisod siya mopasabot sa iyang gibati. – He finds it hard to explain his feelings.
  • Nalisdan sila pagplano sa event sa mubo nga oras. – They had difficulty planning the event on short notice.

2 Linkers and derivational forms

  • Linkers
    • -ng before a consonant → lisod-ng trabaho – difficult job.
    • nga before a vowel / for clarity → lisod nga desisyon – hard decision.
  • Comparative & superlative
    • mas lisod – more difficult.
    • pinakalisod – most difficult.
  • Reduplication & intensity
  • Exclamation & abstract noun
    • Kalisod oy! – How difficult!
    • kalisdanan – hardship, difficulty.
    • pagkalisod – the state of being hard.
  • Verb-like relatives
    • mulisod / nilisod / naglisodto become difficult / to have difficulty.
    • palisoa! / palisonto make something harder.

3 Typical sentence positions

  1. Predicate adjective: Ang proyekto lisod. – The project is difficult.
  2. Modifier with linker: lisod nga proyekto.
  3. After emphasis: Mao ni ang lisod nga bahin sa kurso. – This is the hard part of the course.

4 Common collocations


5 How it is used in detail

Lisod” labels any task, situation, concept, or path that demands extra effort. It can describe:

  • Mental effort: lisod nga formula – complicated formula.
  • Physical strain: lisod nga hike – difficult hike.
  • Social / emotional hurdle: lisod nga pakig-istorya – tough conversation.

Place -ng / nga after lisod when it appears before a noun; drop the linker when lisod follows the noun as predicate. Use mas / pinaka- for comparison, reduplication (lisod-lisod) to soften the claim, and verb forms (naglisod ko) to show active struggle.


6 Frequent mistakes

  • Omitting the linker: ✗ lisod trabaho → ✓ lisod-ng trabaho.
  • Putting mas after the adjective: ✗ lisod mas → ✓ mas lisod.
  • Separating pinaka: ✗ pinaka lisod → ✓ pinakalisod.
  • Mixing up lisod (difficult) with luod (gross) or luya (weak).
  • Skipping the hyphen in reduplication: ✗ lisodlisod → ✓ lisod-lisod.

7 Five conversational phrases

  1. Kalisod sa traffic, late na pud ko. – The traffic is so tough; I’m late again.
  2. Mas lisod kung walay klarong instructions. – It’s harder when there are no clear instructions.
  3. Pinakalisod gyud ning chapter sa libro. – This chapter of the book is really the hardest.
  4. Lisod-lisod ra ang recipe, pero kaya ra nimo. – The recipe is fairly hard, but you can manage.
  5. Palisoa gamay ang exercise para challenging. – Make the exercise a bit harder for a challenge.

8 Five mini-dialogues

  1. Q: Lisod ba ang interview? – Is the interview hard?
    A: Oo, lisod kaayo kay daghan technical questions. – Yes, very hard because there were many technical questions.
  2. Q: Ngano mas lisod man ang Level 2? – Why is Level 2 harder?
    A: Mas lisod kay duha ka boss ang imong atubangon. – Harder because you face two bosses.
  3. Q: Asa ang pinakalisod nga ruta sa bukid? – Which mountain route is the toughest?
    A: Ang north ridge pinakalisod; daghang tuyo-tuyo. – The north ridge is toughest; many steep parts.
  4. Q: Lisod-lisod pa ba ang imong tiil human sa sprain? – Is your foot still somewhat hard to move after the sprain?
    A: Oo, naglisod pa ko’g lakang ug taas. – Yes, I still struggle walking far.
  5. Q: Unsaon nato pag-palison sa puzzle? – How do we make the puzzle harder?
    A: Kuhaa ang hints ug i-timer. – Remove the hints and use a timer.

9 Multiple-choice dialogue questions

Q1. Lisod ba ang imong assignment?
A. Lisod kaayo ang akong assignment.
B. Assignment lisod kaayo ang akong.
C. Lisod assignment kaayo ang akong.

Q2. Asa ang mas lisod, ang algebra o ang geometry?
A. Mas lisod algebra kaysa geometry ang.
B. Mas lisod ang algebra kaysa geometry.
C. Geometry kaysa algebra ang mas lisod.

Q3. Pinakalisod ba kini nga task sa project?
A. Task kini pinakalisod sa project.
B. Pinakalisod kini nga task sa project.
C. Kini pinakalisod task sa project.

Q4. Ngano lisod ra imong decision?
A. Lisod ra akong decision kay kulang ang data.
B. Decision lisod ra akong kay kulang ang data.
C. Kulang ang data decision lisod ra ako kay.

Q5. Kinsa’y naay lisod-lisod nga pangutana para debate?
A. Si Karl naay lisod-lisod nga pangutana.
B. Naay si Karl lisod-lisod pangutana.
C. Pangutana lisod-lisod naay si Karl.


Answer key and explanations

  • Q1 – A – Adjective phrase lisod kaayo correctly precedes subject ang akong assignment. B & C misuse noun-adjective order.
  • Q2 – B – Comparative pattern “Mas lisod ang X kaysa Y.” Choices A & C distort the comparison sequence.
  • Q3 – BPinakalisod goes right before kini and links to task with nga. A & C scramble demonstrative or noun placement.
  • Q4 – A – Predicate first, reason clause after; B & C jumble subject-predicate pieces.
  • Q5 – A – Correct “naay + subject + description.” Options B & C break structure or drop linker.
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