▸ 1. Part of Speech & Meaning
• Part of speech: numeral / determiner
• Meaning: “forty-five”
Kap-atan ug lima ka estudyante ang nidaug sa kompetisyon.
→ Forty-five students won the competition.
Nag-order ko og kap-atan ug lima ka donut.
→ I ordered forty-five doughnuts.
Kap-atan ug lima ra ko ka minuto nag-huwat.
→ I waited only forty-five minutes.
▸ 2. Cebuano or Spanish?
- Native (Cebuano): kap-atan ug lima
- Spanish-based: kwarenta y singko (kuwarenta-i-singko)
▸ 3. When Each Form Is Used
| Scene | kap-atan ug lima | kwarenta y singko |
|---|---|---|
| Counting people / items | ✓ | — |
| Money totals, phone digits, IDs | — | ✓ |
| Ordinal form | ika-kap-atan ug lima | Spanish ordinals almost never used |
▸ 4. How to Use kap-atan ug lima
kap-atan ug lima ka + Noun
Kap-atan ug lima ka tiket among gipalit.
Mini-phrases: kap-atan ug lima ra (only 45) / kap-atan ug lima pa (45 more)
Frequency: Kap-atan ug lima ka beses siya mi-praktis sa usa ka tuig.
Ordinal: ika-kap-atan ug lima = 45ᵗʰ
▸ 5. Five Common Pitfalls
- Missing ka → ✗ kap-atan ug lima mansanas
- Double plural → ✗ kap-atan ug lima ka mga tawo
- Mixing kwarenta y singko inside a “native” sentence
- Reversing order → ✗ mansanas kap-atan ug lima ka
- Using cardinal when ordinal is needed
▸ 6. Quick Collocations
- kap-atan ug lima ka ___ — forty-five …
- kap-atan ug lima ra — only 45
- kap-atan ug lima pa — 45 more
- ika-kap-atan ug lima — 45ᵗʰ
- sa kap-atan ug lima ka adlaw — in 45 days
▸ 7. Learner Alerts
- Phone digits: speakers usually say kwarenta y singko / “forty-five,” not kap-atan ug lima.
- Pronounce /kap-A-tan ug LI-ma/ (stress A and LI).
- Avoid Tagalog apatnapu’t lima.
- Use mga, hapit for approximate numbers.
▸ 8. Handy Phrases
• Kap-atan ug lima ra mi kabuok karon.
• Pwede ko mangayo og kap-atan ug lima pa ka kutsara?
• Kap-atan ug lima na lang ang nahibilin.
• Magkita ta mga kap-atan ug lima ka oras gikan karon.
• Kap-atan ug lima ka beses nako gisulayan—nakaya ra gyud!
▸ 9. Mini-Dialogues
| # | A (Question) | B (Answer) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tag-pila ang kap-atan ug lima ka mangga? | Dos-cientos beinte-singko pesos ra tanan.Only ₱225 for all 45. |
| 2 | Kap-atan ug lima ba ka adlaw ka mag-bakasyon? | Oo, kap-atan ug lima ra ko ka adlaw libre.Exactly 45 days. |
| 3 | Naa kay kap-atan ug lima ka tiket? | Wala, kap-atan ug upat ra ang nabilin.Only 44 left. |
| 4 | Kap-atan ug lima na ka tuig ta nag-kaila, noh? | Sakto, kap-atan ug lima ka tuig na gyud.Forty-five years indeed. |
| 5 | Mopalit ta og kap-atan ug lima ka botelya? | Murag daghan; kwarenta lang siguro.Maybe forty is enough. |
▸ 10. Multiple-Choice Questions
Q1. Kap-atan ug lima ba ka libro imong gipalit?
A. Kap-atan ug lima ka libro akong gipalit.
B. Libro kap-atan ug lima ka akong gipalit.
C. Gipalit ko kap-atan ug lima ka libro.
Q2. Kap-atan ug lima ba mo ka adlaw mag-puyo dinhi?
A. Mag-puyo dinhi mo kap-atan ug lima ka adlaw.
B. Dinhi kap-atan ug lima ka adlaw mo mag-puyo.
C. Mo mag-puyo dinhi kap-atan ug lima ka adlaw.
Q3. Kap-atan ug lima ba ka bata ang nag-dula sa gawas?
A. Sa gawas nag-dula kap-atan ug lima ka bata.
B. Kap-atan ug lima ka bata nag-dula sa gawas.
C. Nag-dula kap-atan ug lima ka bata sa gawas.
Q4. Kap-atan ug lima ba ta ka botelya ang paliton?
A. Paliton ta kap-atan ug lima ka botelya.
B. Ta kap-atan ug lima ka botelya paliton.
C. Botelya kap-atan ug lima ka paliton ta.
Q5. Kap-atan ug lima ba sila ka beses ni-adto didto?
A. Kap-atan ug lima ka beses sila didto ni-adto.
B. Ni-adto sila didto kap-atan ug lima ka beses.
C. Didto sila kap-atan ug lima ka beses ni-adto.
▸ Answer Key
- Q1 → A – Numeral phrase before subject + verb; others mis-order words.
- Q2 → C – Pattern “subject helper + verb + place + numeral” sounds most natural.
- Q3 → B – Subject phrase then verb is idiomatic; A & C shift adverbial awkwardly.
- Q4 → A – Imperative Paliton ta followed by object is correct; B & C split components.
- Q5 → B – Frequency phrase at sentence end flows smoothly; A & C invert clause parts.
« Back to Glossary Index
