Learn Cebuano easily with this beginner-friendly lesson!
In this video, you will learn how to say “this, that, and over there” in Cebuano using the demonstratives kini, kana, and kato.
We also practice real-life conversations about shopping and daily life to help you use these words naturally.
You will learn:
✔️ Kini – this / these (near the speaker)
✔️ Kana – that / those (near the listener)
✔️ Kato – that / those over there (farther away)
This lesson is perfect for:
✔️ Beginners learning Cebuano / Bisaya grammar
✔️ Travelers who want to use Cebuano in daily conversations
✔️ Anyone who wants to master Cebuano pronouns and basic sentence patterns
By the end of this lesson, you’ll be able to say things like:
✨ Kini akong higala (This is my friend)
✨ Kana nga bag mas nindot (That bag is nicer)
✨ Kato nga libro akong paliton (I’ll buy that book over there)
VOCABULARY
Directions: Listen and repeat after your teacher.
Sanina
Meaning
- Sanina = “clothes” / “dress” / “garment.”
Part of Speech
- Noun.
Usage / Context
- Refers to clothing in general, or to a specific garment depending on the context.
- Used in everyday situations when talking about wearing, washing, or buying clothes.
- Commonly appears with verbs like sul-ob (to wear), laba (to wash), palit (to buy).
Example Sentences
- Nindot imong sanina.
→ Your clothes/dress look nice. - Hugaw na ang akong sanina.
→ My clothes are already dirty. - Asa ka mopalit og sanina?
→ Where do you buy clothes?
Pangbata
Meaning
- Pangbata = “for children” / “child-oriented.”
Part of Speech
- Adjective / modifier (formed with the prefix pang- meaning “for / intended for” + bata = “child”).
Usage / Context
- Used to describe things, activities, or items that are specifically meant for children.
- Very common in daily conversation, especially about clothes, toys, food, or entertainment.
Example Sentences
- Pangbata ni nga sanina.
→ These clothes are for children. - Adunay mga dula nga pangbata sa park.
→ There are children’s games at the park. - Ang istorya sa libro pangbata.
→ The story in the book is for children.
Pangdagko
Meaning
- Pangdagko = “for adults” / “adult-sized.”
Part of Speech
- Adjective / modifier (prefix pang- = “for / intended for” + dagko = “big ones / adults”).
Usage / Context
- Used to describe things intended for grown-ups or adults, often in contrast to pangbata (“for children”).
- Can refer to clothes, shoes, food portions, games, or activities designed for adults.
- Commonly heard in markets, shops, or casual conversation when distinguishing between kids’ and adults’ items.
Example Sentences
- Kini nga sinina pangdagko.
→ These clothes are for adults. - Naay dula nga pangbata ug naa say pangdagko.
→ There are games for children and also for adults. - Palita tong sapatos nga pangdagko.
→ Buy those adult-sized shoes.
Atbang
Meaning
- Atbang = “in front of” / “opposite” / “facing.”
Part of Speech
- Preposition / adverb.
Usage / Context
- Used to describe location or position, meaning something is directly across from or facing another thing.
- Very common in giving directions or describing places.
Example Sentences
- Atbang sa simbahan ang eskwelahan.
→ The school is in front of (opposite) the church. - Naglingkod siya atbang nako.
→ He/She sat in front of me. - Ang tindahan atbang sa merkado.
→ The store is across from the market.
Gipangita
Meaning
- Gipangita = “looked for” / “being sought” / “searched.”
Part of Speech
Usage / Context
- Used when someone is searching for something or someone, or when something was being looked for.
- Very common in daily speech when asking about missing objects or people.
- Often appears in the phrase “unsa imong gipangita?” = “what are you looking for?”
Example Sentences
- Unsa imong gipangita sa tindahan?
→ What are you looking for in the store? - Gipangita ka sa imong maestra ganiha.
→ Your teacher was looking for you earlier. - Gipangita nako ang akong susi.
→ I was looking for my key.
Diskwento
Meaning
- Diskwento = “discount” / “price reduction.”
Part of Speech
- Noun.
Usage / Context
- Refers to a deduction from the original price of goods or services.
- Common in daily conversation when shopping, bargaining, or talking about sales.
- Derived from the Spanish word descuento (discount).
Example Sentences
- Naa bay diskwento kung mopalit ko og daghan?
→ Is there a discount if I buy many? - Tagaan tika og diskwento kay suki man ka.
→ I’ll give you a discount since you’re a regular customer. - Wala silay diskwento sa mga pagkaon.
→ They don’t have discounts on food items.
Porsyento
Meaning
- Porsyento = “percent” / “percentage.”
Part of Speech
- Noun.
Usage / Context
- Used in mathematics, shopping, business, or daily conversation to express a portion out of one hundred.
- Often paired with numbers (e.g., 10 porsyento = 10 percent).
- Borrowed from the Spanish por ciento (per hundred).
Example Sentences
- Naay diskwento nga napulo ka porsyento.
→ There is a ten percent discount. - Siya ang nakakuha og otsenta porsyento sa eksamin.
→ He/She got eighty percent on the exam. - Gamhanan ang porsyento sa mga tawo nga nisugot sa plano.
→ A large percentage of the people agreed with the plan.
Bayranan
Meaning
- Bayranan = “payment counter” / “cashier section” / “place to pay.”
Part of Speech
Usage / Context
- Refers to the spot in a store, supermarket, or shop where customers settle their bill.
- Equivalent to English “checkout counter” or “cash register.”
Example Sentences
- Asa ang bayranan diri sa tindahan?
→ Where is the payment counter here in the store? - Naay taas nga linya sa bayranan.
→ There is a long line at the cashier. - Ibutang ang imong mga palit sa bayranan.
→ Place your items at the checkout counter.
Kahera
Meaning
- Kahera = “cashier” (the person who handles payments at a store).
Part of Speech
- Noun (from Spanish cajera = female cashier; cajero for male, though Cebuano mostly uses kahera regardless of gender).
Usage / Context
- Refers to the person in charge of receiving payments and giving change.
- Commonly used in supermarkets, shops, restaurants, etc.
Example Sentences
- Ang kahera maoy modawat sa imong bayad.
→ The cashier will receive your payment. - Nagtrabaho siya isip kahera sa mall.
→ She works as a cashier in the mall. - Nangayo ang kahera og resibo.
→ The cashier asked for the receipt.
Pangmaternity
Meaning
- Pangmaternity = “for maternity” / “maternity (use).”
Part of Speech
- Adjective / modifier (prefix pang- = “for / intended for” + maternity).
Usage / Context
- Refers to things intended for pregnant women or motherhood.
- Commonly used for clothes, check-ups, benefits, or products related to pregnancy.
- Borrowed from English maternity, combined with Cebuano affix pang- to indicate purpose.
Example Sentences
- Pangmaternity ni nga sanina.
→ These clothes are for maternity (maternity wear). - Naa bay pangmaternity nga check-up sa ospital?
→ Is there a maternity check-up at the hospital? - Ang kompanya naghatag og pangmaternity nga benepisyo.
→ The company provides maternity benefits.
Flashcards
DIALOGUE PRACTICE
Directions: Listen and repeat after your teacher.
Cebuano
Customer: Excuse me Ms. Asa dapit ang mga sanina sa pangbabaye?
Saleslady: Unsa man, mga pangbata o pangdagko?
Customer: Mga pangdako Ms.
Saleslady: Naa sa atbang ang mga pangdagko Ma’am.
Customer: Kato didto unahan gamay?
Saleslady: O Ma’am.
Customer: Kini diay dinhi Ms?
Saleslady: Kini diri Ma’am kay pangmaternity nga mga sanina.
Customer: Aw Sige salamat Ms.
A few minutes later……
Saleslady: Maayong buntag Ma’am. Unsa atong gipangita?
Customer: Nangita kog sanina pangregalo.
Saleslady: Kini dinhi kay pangdagko. Kana dinha panggagmay og sukod.
Customer: Wala mo naka diskwento karon?
Saleslady: Kato didto dapit sa bayranan naay mga diskwento nga baynte porsyento ug singkwenta porsyento.
Customer: Sige sige. Kato nga mga sanina sa akong tan-awon og una. Salamat Ms.
English
Customer: Excuse me Ms. Where are the woman’s clothes?
Saleslady: What is it, for kids or for adults?
Customer: For adults Ms.
Saleslady: There are adult clothes on the opposite side.
Customer: Is that a bit further over there?
Saleslady: Yes, ma’am.
Customer: How about here, Ms?
Saleslady: These clothes here are for maternity clothes Ma’am.
Customer: Okay thank you Ms.
A few minutes later……
Saleslady: Good morning Ma’am. What are you looking for?
Customer: I’m looking for clothes as a present.
Saleslady: This is for bigger sizes. That is for small sizes.
Customer: Don’t you have any discount now?
Saleslady: Those clothes over there near the cashier have discounts like 20% and 50%.
Customer: Okay. I’ll check those clothes over there first. Thank you Ms.
LESSON
In Cebuano language, we use the word ”ang + noun” for singular form and ”ang mga / nga mga + noun” for plural forms.
For examples of singular form;
ang bata – a child
ang lapis – a pencil
ang bag – a bag
For examples of plural form;
ang mga mangga – mangoes
ang mga gamit ni mama – mama’s things
nga mga sanina – clothes
nga mga duwaan – toys
nga mga butang – things
⚫ Kini means ‘this –singular and these – plural’ in English.
It is used to identify a specific thing or person that’s close to you or being indicated.
For examples;
Mao kini ang akong paypay.
This is my fan.
Mao kini akong higala.
This is my friend.
Mao kini ang akong mga bolpen .
These are my ballpoint pens.
⚫ Kana means ‘’that- singular and those – plural’’ in English.
It is used to identify things that are far from the speaker or the listener.
For examples;
Ganahan ko kana nga sayal.
I like that skirt.
O, Kana ang akong paliton.
Yes, I’m going to buy that.
Mas nindot kana nga bag kaysa kanang usa.
That bag is nicer than that one.
⚫ Kato means ‘’ that thing over there -singular and those things over there – plural’’.
It is used to identify things that are farther from the speaker and the listener or something that’s out of reach.
For examples;
Kato nga libro akong paliton.
I’m going to buy that book over there.
Kato nga taw imong gipasabot?
Do you mean that person over there?
COMPREHENSION QUIZ
Directions: Choose the correct answer.
- This demonstrative pronoun is used to identify things that are farther from the speaker and the listener.
a. kana
b. kato
c. kini
d. kamo - How do you say ‘discount’ in Cebuano?
a. sanina
b. kwarta
c. diskwento
d. depende - This demonstrative pronoun is used to identify a specific thing or person that’s close to you.
a. kana
b. kato
c. kini
d. kamo - What is the plural form of ‘mangoes’ in Cebuano?
a. ang mangga
b. ang mga mangga
c. ang prutas
d. ang mga saging - How do you say ‘that and those’ in Cebuano?
a. kana
b. kato
c. kini
d. kamo
EXERCISE
Directions: Arrange the words to make sentences.
- unahan / kato / gamay / didto / ?
- pangmaternity / diri / sanina / kini / nga / ma’am / kay / mga
- sukod / dinha / og / kana / panggagmay
- usa / kana / bag / mas / kanang / nindot / kaysa / nga
- mga / kini / akong / bolpen / ang / mao
REVIEW
Directions: Let’s use the pattern that you’ve learned during the lesson and make some sentences.
Kini
1.
2.
3.
Kana
1.
2.
3.
Kato
1.
2.
3.
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