niini / niani

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English – “niini / niani

Part of speech & meaning
• Oblique (prepositional) demonstrative pronouns/determiners
niini = “of/on/at this (near the speaker)”
niani = “of/on/at that (near the listener)”

Contracted forms
• Casual speech shortens niini → ini / ’ni and niani → ani / ’na-ni.
• Formal or careful contexts prefer the full forms.

Typical place in a sentence
• Must follow a preposition:

  • sa niini – “on this”  gikan niani – “from that (by you)”
  • para niini – “for this” ibabaw niani – “above that”

Common collocations

  • sa niini – on this / in this
  • gikan niini – from this
  • para niani – for that (near you)
  • tungkol niini – because of this
  • ibabaw niani – on top of that (near you)

Detailed usage

  1. Choose niini when the reference object or place is at the speaker’s location.
  2. Choose niani when it is beside the listener.
  3. These forms substitute for a whole noun phrase in a prepositional phrase; they never begin a clause or directly precede a noun.

Common mistakes
• Omitting the preposition (❌ Niini maayo → ✔ Maayo kini).
• Mixing distances: using niani for something near the speaker.
• Adding nga after niini/niani—not needed.

Example sentences

Cebuano sentenceEnglish meaningPart-of-speech breakdown
Ibutang sa niini ang libro.Put the book on this.ibutang (V) put • sa (PREP) on • niini (DEM-OBL) this • ang (ART) the • libro (N) book
Gikan niani ang hangin.The wind comes from that (near you).gikan (PREP) from • niani (DEM-OBL) that-near-you • ang (ART) the • hangin (N) wind
Para niini ni Ana.This is for Ana.para (PREP) for • niini (DEM-OBL) this • ni (PN) of • Ana (N) Ana

Plain-English summary
niini = “of/at/on this right by me,” niani = “of/at/on that by you.” Use them only after prepositions. For subjects or direct objects, switch to kini (“this”) or kana (“that”).

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日本語 –「niini / niani

品詞と意味
• 斜格(前置詞後専用)の指示代名詞/限定詞
niini=「この〜に/の」(話し手の近く)
niani=「その〜に/の」(聞き手の近く)

短縮形
• 口語で niini → ini / ’ni, niani → ani / ’na-ni
• フォーマルには完全形を使う。

文中での位置
• 必ず前置詞の直後に置く:

  • sa niini – この上で  gikan niani – そこから
  • para niini – これ用に ibabaw niani – その上に

よく使うフレーズ

  • sa niini – ここで/この中で
  • gikan niini – ここから
  • para niani – それのため
  • tungkol niini – これが原因で
  • ibabaw niani – その上で

詳しい使い方

  1. niini=話し手側、niani=聞き手側。
  2. 名詞句の代わりに前置詞句内で使い、主語・目的語では kini/kana を用いる。
  3. nga を後ろに付けない。

間違えやすい点
• 前置詞なしで置かない。
• 距離の取り違え(近い/遠い)。
• 名詞を直接修飾しようとすること。

例文と品詞分解

セブアノ語日本語訳品詞分解
Ibutang sa niini ang libro.本をこの上に置いて。ibutang(動)置く • sa(前)〜に • niini(指示斜格)これ • ang(冠)その • libro(名)本
Gikan niani ang hangin.風はそこから吹いてくる。gikan(前)〜から • niani(指示斜格)それ • ang(冠)その • hangin(名)風
Para niini ni Ana.これはアナ用です。para(前)〜のため • niini(指示斜格)これ • ni(前)〜の • Ana(名)アナ

まとめ
niini は「この〜の/に」、niani は「その〜の/に」。前置詞の後でのみ使用し、主語や目的語には kini / kana を使い分ける。

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