CEBUANO LANGUAGE LESSON 115 / Top 500 Cebuano vocabulary: 02: ikaw

日本語の説明は英語の後にあります。

1. Pronunciation

• IPA: /iˈkaw/

2. Part of Speech

• Pronoun (you)

3. Contraction

• ka
  • Used after a verb or adjective instead of ikaw.
  • Example: Nakasabot ka? (“Did you understand?”)

4. Common Phrases

• Ikaw ba? → “Is it you?”
• Ikaw ra → “Only you”
• Ikaw lang → “Just you”
• Ikaw diay → “Oh, it was you!”
• Ikaw man → “You, though…” (used to push back or stress)

5. Uses in Detail

1. As subject: at the start to say “you do X.”
2. To ask a question: If the sentence starts with a verb, use ba before ikaw. If it’s a yes or no question, add ba after ikaw.
3. To stress “only you”: use ra or lang.
4. To show surprise: use diay after ikaw.
5. Casual speech: often switch to ka after a verb.

6. Common Mistakes

• Using ikaw before a verb (wrong):
  • ❌ Ikaw Nakasabot ?
  • ✅ Nakasabot ka?
• Mixing up “ikaw” and “nimo” (“nimo” means “your” or “you as object”).
• Changing word order can change meaning or sound strange.

7. Example Sentences

1. Ikaw ba ang magluto karon?
   • Ikaw (pronoun) / ba (question word) / ang (focus marker) / magluto (verb “cook”) / karon (adverb “now”)
   • “Are you the one cooking now?”
2. Ikaw ra ang makasabot niini.
   • Ikaw (pronoun) / ra (only) / ang (focus marker) / makasabot (verb “understand”) / niini (demonstrative “this”)
   • “Only you can understand this.”
3. Ikaw lang ang nitawag nako kagabii?
   • Ikaw (pronoun) / lang (just) / ang (focu marker) / nitawag (verb past “called”) / nako (pronoun “me”) / kagabii (noun/adverb “last night”)
   • “Were you the only one who called me last night?”
4. Oh, ikaw diay.
   • Oh (interjection) / ikaw (pronoun) / diay (surprised particle)
   • “Oh, it was you!”
5. Ikaw na man – It’s already you
   • Ikaw (pronoun) / na (already) /man (you)
   • “It’s already you.”

Practice: Insert “ikaw” or “ka” in the correct place

Instructions:

Each sentence is missing either “ikaw” or “ka”, but it’s not shown as a blank.
Determine which word to use and where to insert it correctly.

Sentences:

1. Ang magluto sa panihapon karong gabii.
2. Ganahan mokaon og sinigang?
3. Ang nagsulti sa maayong balita.
4. Naa sa balay karon?
5. Moadto ba sa merkado ugma?

Answers and Explanations:

1. Ikaw ang magluto sa panihapon karong gabii.
   → “You will be the one to cook dinner tonight.”
   → Use ikaw at the beginning to emphasize the subject (“you”).
2. Ganahan ka mokaon og sinigang?
   → “Do you want to eat sinigang?”
   → Use ka after the verb “ganahan.”
3. Ikaw ang nagsulti sa maayong balita.
   → “You were the one who told the good news.”
   → Emphasis on “you”, so ikaw is correct at the start.
4. Naa ka sa balay karon?
   → “Are you at home now?”
   → After the verb “naa”, use ka.
5. Moadto ba ka sa merkado ugma?
   → “Will you go to the market tomorrow?”
   → After the verb “moadto”, use ka.

Additional Questions

Question 1. Which option is the correct response?

1: Kinsa ang nagsulti sa tinuod?

A.Ikaw ang nagsulti sa tinuod.
B.Ang nagsulti ikaw sa tinuod.
C.Ang ka nagsulti sa tinuod.

Question 2. Which option is the correct response?

2: Kinsay maayo motabang sa uban?

A: Ikawa Kaayo maayo motabang sa uban.
B: Kaayo maayo ka motabang sa uban.
C: Kaayo ka maayo motabang sa uban.

Question 3. Which option is the correct response?

3: Kinsa imong gihuwat ganina?

A: Ikaw akong gihuwat ganina.
B: Akong gihuwat ka ganina.
C: Gihuwat ka akong ganina.

Additional Questions Answers

Question 1

Kinsa ang nagsulti sa tinuod? (“Who told the truth?”)

Question 2

Kinsay maayo motabang sa uban? (“Who is good at helping others?”)

Question 3

Kinsa imong gihuwat ganina? (“Whom were you waiting for earlier?”)

Key grammar points referenced

1. Focus marker ang introduces the focused noun or pronoun; it cannot precede a verb phrase.
2. Pronouns “ikaw / ka”
   • Ikaw – full form, may stand alone as subject or focused object.
   • Ka – clitic form, must follow the verb, an auxiliary, or an intensifier.
3. Clitic placement – clitic pronouns (ko, ka, siya, ta, mi, mo) attach immediately to the first verbal or adjectival element; they cannot follow ang or appear at sentence end.
4. Adverb + adjective order – kaayo (“very”) precedes the adjective it intensifies (maayo).

Grammar Question

In Cebuano, what part of speech is the word “ikaw” classified as?

Choices:
A. Verb
B. Noun
C. Adjective
D. Pronoun

Correct Answer:
D. Pronoun

Explanation:
“Ikaw” is a second-person singular pronoun in Cebuano, equivalent to “you” in English and 「あなた」in Japanese.
It is commonly used as the subject of a sentence to refer to the person being spoken to.
Example: Ikaw ang akong higala. (You are my friend.)

[Question 2]
What is the function of a pronoun in a sentence?

Choices:
A. To express actions or states
B. To give more detail about a noun
C. To connect clauses like a conjunction
D. To replace a noun

Correct Answer:
D. To replace a noun

Explanation:
Pronouns are words that are used in place of nouns to refer to people, things, or places without repeating the actual noun.
They help make sentences more concise and avoid repetition.
Examples include: ako (I), ikaw (you), siya (he/she) in Cebuano.

[Question 3]
What role does a noun play in a sentence?

Choices:
A. It connects clauses like a conjunction
B. It expresses actions or states
C. It functions as a subject, object, or other core element in a sentence
D. It expresses emotion like an interjection

Correct Answer:
C. It functions as a subject, object, or other core element in a sentence

Explanation:
A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, idea, or concept. In a sentence, it serves essential roles such as subject, object, complement, or possessive reference.
Examples with the noun identified:

1. Ang bata nagdula. (The child is playing.)
    → bata (noun: “child”) is the subject.
2. Gipalit niya ang libro. (He bought the book.)
    → libro (noun: “book”) is the object.
3. Siya usa ka doktor. (He is a doctor.)
    → doktor (noun: “doctor”) is the complement.
4. Ang balay ni Maria. (Maria’s house)
    → Maria (noun: person’s name) is used to show possession.