CEBUANO LESSON #55 How to Describe Qualities in Cebuano | Using the Prefix “Pagka”

2022/6/1

Learn how to describe people, places, and things in Cebuano using the versatile prefix

“Pagka”. In this lesson, we break down the different ways to use “Pagka” to express exclamations, admiration, and abstract qualities.

You’ll discover how to say phrases like

“Pagkagwapa naman lang jud sa pangasaw-onon” (The bride is so beautiful) and

“Pagkasadya gud sa ilang kasal” (Their wedding was indeed fun). We also cover how

“Pagka” can be used to describe a state or condition , and even as an adverb of time.

Perfect for beginners and intermediate learners, this video will help you sound more natural and expressive in Cebuano!

VOCABULARY

Directions: Listen and repeat after your teacher.

GITAMBUNGAN

  • part of speech: verb
  • meaning: was attended; attended (referring to the event/place that was attended)
  • when to use it: when referring to a meeting, party, or event in the past that was attended by someone. the focus is on the event that received the action of being attended.
  • example sentences:
    • nindot kaayo ang party nga iyang gitambungan. (the party that he/she attended was very nice.)
    • importante ang miting nga among gitambungan gahapon. (the meeting we attended yesterday was important.)

PANGASAW-ONON

  • part of speech: noun
  • meaning: bride; fiancée
  • when to use it: when referring to a woman who is engaged to be married, or a woman on her wedding day.
  • example sentences:
    • nindot kaayo ang sinina sa pangasaw-onon. (the bride’s dress is very beautiful.)
    • nahimamat na nimo iyang pangasaw-onon? (have you met his fiancée?)

DAWATANAN SA KASAL

  • part of speech: noun phrase
  • meaning: wedding reception; wedding reception venue
  • when to use it: when referring to the party, celebration, or the physical place where guests are received after a wedding ceremony.
  • example sentences:
    • asa man ang dawatanan sa inyong kasal? (where is your wedding reception venue?)
    • pagkahuman sa simbahan, moadto mi sa dawatanan sa kasal. (after the church, we will go to the wedding reception.)

BISITA

  • part of speech: noun or verb
  • meaning: as a noun: guest, visitor; as a verb: to visit
  • when to use it: when referring to a person visiting your house or an event (noun), or when describing the act of visiting a person or place (verb).
  • example sentences:
    • naay tay bisita gikan sa manila. (we have a visitor from manila.)
    • gusto kong mo-bisita sa akong mga apohan. (i want to visit my grandparents.)

GINIKANAN

  • part of speech: noun
  • meaning: parents
  • when to use it: when referring to a person’s mother and father collectively.
  • example sentences:
    • kinahanglan natong tahuron ang atong mga ginikanan. (We must respect our parents.)
    • gihigugma nako akong mga ginikanan. (I love my parents.)

NIAPIL

  • part of speech: verb
  • meaning: joined; participated
  • when to use it: when describing the completed action in the past of having joined a group or participated in an activity or event.
  • example sentences:
    • niapil ko sa basketbol sa miaging semana. (i joined the basketball game last week.)
    • niapil siya sa contest sa pagkanta. (she/he participated in the singing contest.)

KASAL

  • part of speech: noun
  • meaning: wedding; marriage
  • when to use it: when referring to the wedding ceremony or the institution of marriage.
  • example sentences:
    • kanus-a man ang inyong kasal? (when is your wedding?)
    • gidapit mi nila sa ilang kasal sa sunod bulan. (they invited us to their wedding next month.)

PROGRAMA

  • part of speech: noun
  • meaning: program; show (tv or radio); schedule of events
  • when to use it: when referring to a planned series of events at a gathering, a television or radio show, or a project.
  • example sentences:
    • unsa may sunod sa atong programa? (what is next on our program?)
    • kada adlaw siya motan-aw anang programa sa tv. (she/he watches that tv program every day.)

KAAYO

  • part of speech: adverb
  • meaning: very; really; a lot
  • when to use it: it is used to intensify or emphasize an adjective or a verb. it is typically placed after the word it modifies.
  • example sentences:
    • lami kaayo ang pagkaon. (the food is very delicious.)
    • gihigugma kaayo nako akong pamilya. (i love my family very much.)

NAHUMAN

  • part of speech: verb / adjective
  • meaning: finished; done; completed
  • when to use it: when describing a task, event, or process that has ended or been completed.
  • example sentences:
    • nahuman na ang klase. (the class is finished.)
    • tawagi ko kung nahuman na ka sa imong trabaho. (call me when you are done with your work.)

DALI

  • part of speech: adverb; adjective; interjection
  • meaning: 1. (adverb/adjective) easy; quick; fast. 2. (interjection) hurry up; come here.
  • when to use it: when you are describing something as easy or quick, or as a command to tell someone to hurry or to come towards you.
  • example sentences:
    • dali ra kaayo tubagon ang pangutana. (the question is very easy to answer.)
    • dali, manlakaw na ta! (hurry, let’s go now!)

NIADTO

  • part of speech: verb
  • meaning: went
  • when to use it: when you are describing the past, completed action of going to a place. it is the past tense of “moadto” (will go).
  • example sentences:
    • niadto ko sa merkado gahapon. (i went to the market yesterday.)
    • niadto sila sa party sa miaging semana. (they went to the party last week.)

PAGLINGAW

  • part of speech: noun or verb
  • meaning: as a noun: entertainment, amusement, the act of having fun; as a verb (command): enjoy, have fun.
  • when to use it: when referring to the concept of entertainment or the act of enjoying oneself. it is also used as a command to tell someone to have a good time.
  • example sentences:
    • ang paglingaw sa mga bata mao ang among prayoridad. (the entertainment of the children is our priority.)
    • paglingaw mo sa inyong bakasyon! (enjoy your vacation!)

Flashcards

DIALOGUE PRACTICE

Situtaion: Joyce asks Leah about the wedding she attended.

English

Joyce: Hey Leah, how was the wedding you attended?

Leah: It was nice. The bride was so beautiful.

Joyce: I saw your photos. But, the bride’s whiteness is too much.

Leah: She’s actually white. She became too white in the photo.

Joyce: Is that so? Then, is the wedding reception okay?

Leah: Yes. The place is nice.

Joyce: Do they have many visitors?

Leah: It’s a bit a lot. The parents of the bride are so good.

Joyce: Why?

Leah: They joined to entertain the visitors, too. We really had fun.

Joyce: Their wedding was really fun then.

Leah: It is! Upon starting the program, it was really fun. The visitors danced, too.

Joyce: Then, what time did it finish?

Leah: I think it’s 7.

Joyce: Was their program quick?

Leah: Yes, it was quick. We went to their house after the program. Anyways, their wedding is really nice.

Cebuano

Joyce: Hoy Leah, kumusta ang kasal nga inyong gitambungan?

Leah: Nindot siya oi. Pagkagwapa naman lang jud sa pangasaw-onon.

Joyce: Nakakita bitaw ko sa inyong mga litrato. Pero, pagkaputi sad sa pangasaw-onon oi.

Leah: Pution jud siya. niputi lang og samot sa litrato.

Joyce: Mao ba? Unya okay ra ang sa dawatanan sa kasal?

Leah: O. Nindot sad ang lugar oi.

Joyce: Daghan silag bisita?

Leah: Daghan daghan sad. Pagkabuotan sa ginikanan sa pangasaw-onon.

Joyce: Ngano man?

Leah: Niapil sila og paglingaw sa mga bisita sad. Lingawa lagi namo.

Joyce: Pagkasadya gud sa ilang kasal

Leah: Mulang! Pagkasugod sa programa sadya lagi kaayo. Niapil og sayaw ang mga bisita.

Joyce: Unya, unsa man orasa nahuman?

Leah: Alas syete naman guru to.

Joyce: Dali ra diay ang ilang programa?

Leah: O dali ra. Niadto mi sa ilaha pagkahuman sa programa. Basta oi, pagkanindot jud sa ilang kasal!

LESSON

Now, let’s talk about the prefix ”Pagka”

The prefix ‘pagka’ is used to form the following:

  1. In expressing exclamation or when being surprised.

For example:
Pagkanindot jud sa ilang kasal!
Their wedding is really beautiful! (How beautiful their wedding really is!)

  1. As an abstract noun, indicating state or condition

For examples:
Pagkabuotan sa ginikanan sa pangasaw-onon.
The parents of the bride are so kind.

Pagkasadya gud sa ilang kasal.
Their wedding was indeed fun then.

  1. As an abstract noun of one’s quality. Similar to prefix “ka.”

For examples:
Pero, pagkaputi sad sa pangasaw-onon oi.
But, the bride is too white (The bride’s whiteness is too much.)

Pagkagwapa naman lang jud sa pangasaw-onon.

The bride is (just) so beautiful.

  1. As an adverb of time

For examples:
Pagkasugod sa programa sadya lagi kaayo.
Upon starting the program, it was very fun.

Niadto mi sa ilaha pagkahuman sa programa.
We went to their house after the program.

COMPREHENSION QUIZ

  1. Does the prefix ‘pagka’ indicate state or condition?
    a. yes
    b. maybe
    c. no
    d. I don’t know.
  2. How do we say ‘parents’ in Cebuano?
    a. kasal
    b. ilaha
    c. ginikanan
    d. anak
  3. Is the prefix ‘pagka’ similar to the prefix ‘ka?
    a. no
    b. I don’t think so.
    c. yes
    d. I don’t know
  4. How do we say ‘bride’ in Cebuano?
    a. gwapa
    b. ilahang
    c. ginikanan
    d. pangasaw-onon
  5. What marker indicates a goal or object?
    a. jud
    b. sa
    c. lang
    d. lagi

EXERCISE

Now let’s practise. Arrange the words to make sentences.

  1. oi / sad / pangasaw-onon / Pagkaputi / sa
  2. ilaha / programa / Niadto / sa / sa / pagkahuman / mi
  3. ginikanan / sa / Pagkabuotan / sa/ pangasaw-onon
  4. lagi / pagkasugod / sadya / programa / kaayo / sa
  5. ilang / Pagkanindot / sa / kasal / jud

REVIEW

Directions: Let’s use the prefix ” pagka ” that you’ve learned during the lesson and make some sentences.

For example:

Pagkasadya gud sa ilang kasal. (Their wedding was indeed fun then)

1.
2.
3.

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