English — “among”
Part of speech & core meaning
• Possessive determiner / pronoun
• Means “our / ours” excluding the person you are talking to (first-person plural exclusive)
Contracted / variant forms
| Form | Nuance | Source |
|---|---|---|
| among | everyday short form | amo + nga → amo’ng → among |
| amo nga | emphatic / literary | seldom used in speech |
Where it goes in a sentence
• Immediately before the noun it owns: among balay – “our house (not yours).”
• Can stand alone for focus: Balay among gi-ayo. – “It’s our house we repaired.”
Common phrases (collocations)
- among pamilya – our family (without you)
- among trabaho – our job
- among mga plano – our plans
- among kaugalingon – ourselves
- among umaabot – our future
Detailed usage
- Singular item: Among buhat – our work.
- Plural items: Among mga libro – our books.
- After prepositions: para sa among anak – for our child (not yours).
- Contrast:
– among / namo = our (excluding you)
– atong / nato = our (including you)
Common mistakes
- Using among when you mean to include the listener—use atong instead.
- Forgetting mga with plural nouns (among libro vs. ✔︎ among mga libro).
- Placing among after the noun in normal statements (it normally precedes the noun).
| Cebuano sentence | English meaning | POS breakdown |
|---|---|---|
| Among balay lapad. | Our house is spacious. | among (DET) our-exclusive • balay (N) house • lapad (ADJ) spacious |
| Gipalit namo ang among awto niadtong Sabado. | We (not you) bought our car last Saturday. | gipalit (V) bought • namo (PR) by us-exclusive • ang (ART) the • among (DET) our-exclusive • awto (N) car • niadtong (PREP) last • Sabado (N) Saturday |
| Asa ang among mga plano karon? | Where are our plans now? | asa (WH) where • ang (ART) the • among (DET) our-exclusive • mga (PL) plural marker • plano (N) plans • karon (ADV) now |
Plain-English summary
among means “our (not including you).” Place it right before the noun that belongs to the speaker’s group only. Use atong when the listener is part of “our.”
日本語 — 「among」
品詞と基本的意味
• 所有限定詞（形容詞的代名詞）
• 「私たち（あなたを含まない）の」 を表す（一人称複数 排他 所有)
短縮・由来
| 形 | ニュアンス | 成り立ち |
|---|---|---|
| among | 日常形 | amo + nga → amo’ng |
| amo nga | 強調・文語的 | 口語ではまれ |
語順
• 名詞の直前：among trabaho – 「私たち（あなた抜き）の仕事」
• 強調なら後置：Trabaho among gihuman.
よく使うフレーズ
- among pamilya – 私たちの家族（あなた抜き）
- among trabaho – 私たちの仕事
- among mga plano – 私たちの計画
- among kaugalingon – 私たち自身
- among umaabot – 私たちの将来
詳しい使い方
- 単数所有：Among buhat（私たちの仕事）
- 複数所有：Among mga libro（私たちの本たち）
- 前置詞後：para sa among anak（私たちの子どもへ）
- 対比：
– among / namo：聞き手を含まない「私たちの」
– atong / nato：聞き手を含む「私たちの」
注意点
- 聞き手を含む場合は atong に切り替える。
- 複数名詞には mga を付ける。
- 所有詞は名詞の前が基本。
| セブアノ語 | 日本語訳 | 品詞分解 |
|---|---|---|
| Among balay lapad. | 私たち（あなた抜き）の家は広い。 | among（所有）私たちの • balay（名）家 • lapad（形）広い |
| Gipalit namo ang among awto niadtong Sabado. | 私たちは先週土曜に自分たちの車を買った。 | gipalit（動）買った • namo（代）私たちが • ang（冠）その • among（所有）私たちの • awto（名）車 • niadtong（前）～の • Sabado（名）土曜日 |
| Asa ang among mga plano karon? | 私たちの計画は今どこ？ | asa（疑問）どこ • ang（冠）その • among（所有）私たちの • mga（複）複数マーカー • plano（名）計画 • karon（副）今 |
まとめ
among は聞き手を含まない「私たちの」。名詞の直前に置き、聞き手を含めるなら atong、動詞後の「私たちが／を」には namo を使い分ける。
