dungan

Cebuano Word: dungan

1. Part of Speech, Meaning, and Example Sentences

• Part of speech: Adverb of manner / time (also used as a noun “companion” or “simultaneous action”).
• Meaning: “together,” “at the same time,” “simultaneously.” • Dungan mi’g kaon kagabii. — We ate together last night.
  • Palihug buhata kini dungan sa akong trabaho. — Please do this at the same time as my work.
  • Dungan silang mi-abot sa terminal. — They arrived simultaneously at the terminal.

2. Learning Tips for Adverbs like dungan

• Core idea: Always expresses two or more actions happening at the same moment.
• Verb partner: Commonly follows the verb it modifies (mokaon dungan).
• Marker ta / ta tanan: Often paired for inclusive meaning: dungan ta (“let’s do it together”).
• Negative form: dili dungan = “not at the same time”; use this to contrast separate actions.
• Derived forms: pagdungan (noun “simultaneity”), dunganon (verb “to do together”).

3. Common Collocations

• dungan ta — let us do it together
• dungan sila — they at the same time
• dungan nga + verb — simultaneous + action
• pagdungan sa + event — simultaneous occurrence of …
• dili dungan — not simultaneous

4. Typical Sentence Position

• Post-verbal (neutral): Motindog sila dungan.
• Clause-initial (emphatic): Dungan ta molarga karon.

5. Five Frequently Used Conversational Phrases

1. Dungan ta mokaon ug paniudto. — Let us eat lunch together.
2. Ayaw himoa dungan kung lisud. — Do not do it simultaneously if it is difficult.
3. Dungan sila’g biyahe dominggo. — They will travel together on Sunday.
4. Mag-practice ta dungan aron paspas. — Let us practice together so it is faster.
5. Dili ni pwede dungan buhaton. — This cannot be done at the same time.

6. Five Everyday Conversation Exchanges

1. A: Kanus-a ta motan-aw sa salida?
   B: Dungan ta ugma sa gabii. EN: When shall we watch the movie? — Let’s do it together tomorrow night.
2. A: Gi-save na nimo ang file?
   B: Oo, gi-save nako dungan sa upload. EN: Did you save the file? — Yes, I saved it while uploading at the same time.
3. A: Kinsay mo-present sa report?
   B: Dungan mi ni Ana mo-present. EN: Who will present the report? — Ana and I will present together.
4. A: Pwede ba dungan nimo pag-print ug scan?
   B: Pwede, basta kusog ang makina. EN: Can you print and scan at the same time? — Yes, as long as the machine is fast.
5. A: Ngano dugay human ang task?
   B: Kay dili man pwede dungan tanan ang proseso. EN: Why is the task taking long? — Because all steps cannot be done simultaneously.

7. Multiple-Choice Dialogue Questions

Q1. Kanus-a ta mokaon?
A. Mokaon ta karon dungan.
B. Dungan karon ta mokaon.
C. Mokaon ta dungan karon.

Q2. Kinsay mo-trabaho sa report?
A. Si Liza ug ako dungan mo-trabaho sa report.
B. Dungan sa report si Liza ug ako mo-trabaho.
C. Sa report mo-trabaho dungan si Liza ug ako.

Q3. Unsa’y buhaton nato sa tasks?
A. Buhaton nato tasks dungan ang.
B. Buhaton nato dungan ang tasks.
C. Dungan ang tasks nato buhaton.

Q4. Asa ta mo-adto ugma?
A. Ugma ta mo-adto dungan sa mall.
B. Dungan ta sa mall ugma mo-adto.
C. Sa mall ta mo-adto dungan ugma.

Q5. Mahimo ba nimo i-send ang email?
A. I-send nako dungan sa uban nga files.
B. Dungan sa uban nga files i-send nako.
C. Sa uban nga files dungan nako i-send.

Answer Key

• Q1 – C: Verb + subject + adverb dungan + time word is natural order.
• Q2 – A: Subject phrase first, then verb, then object; dungan directly before verb clarifies simultaneity.
• Q3 – B: Verb + subject + adverb + object keeps clear declarative flow.
• Q4 – C: Place phrase precedes verb; dungan comes right before time word “ugma.”
• Q5 – A: Verb first, adverb dungan, then prepositional phrase shows “send together with other files.”