English – “ini / ani / ’ni”
(shortened forms of the oblique demonstratives niini “of this” and niani “of that (near you)”)
Part of speech & meaning
• Oblique (prepositional) demonstrative pronoun / determiner
• Tells “of this / to this / from this” (ini) or “of that near you” (ani).
• In rapid speech ni (’ni) replaces ini when context is clear.
Contracted form
• Full forms: niini (near speaker) and niani (near listener).
• Colloquial clips: ini → ’ni, ani → ’na-ni (often written ani).
Typical place in a sentence
• Always after a preposition: sa ini “in/on this”, gikan ani “from that (by you)”, para ’ni “for this”.
• Cannot stand alone without a preceding preposition.
Common collocations
- sa ini – in/on this
- gikan ani – from that (near you)
- para ’ni – for this one
- tungkol ani – because of that
- ibabaw ni – on top of this
Detailed usage
- Choose ini (’ni) when the object is right by the speaker.
- Ibutang sa ini – “Put it on this.”
- Choose ani for something by the listener.
- Kuhaa gikan ani – “Take it from that (near you).”
- These forms replace a full noun phrase inside prepositional phrases; outside of them, use kini/kana/kadto.
Common mistakes
• Forgetting the preposition (❌ Ini maayo → ✔ Maayo kini).
• Mixing distance: using ani for something near the speaker.
• Using ini/ani as a subject or direct object (they’re only for oblique roles).
Example sentences and POS breakdown
Cebuano sentence | English meaning | Parts of speech |
---|---|---|
Ibutang sa ini ang baso. | Put the glass on this. | ibutang (V) put • sa (PREP) on • ini (DEM-OBL) this • ang (ART) the • baso (N) glass |
Gikan ani ang baho. | The smell comes from that (near you). | gikan (PREP) from • ani (DEM-OBL) that-near-you • ang (ART) the • baho (N) smell |
Para ’ni ni Maria. | This (object) is for Maria. | para (PREP) for • ’ni (DEM-OBL) this • ni (PN) of • Maria (N) Maria |
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日本語 –「ini / ani / ’ni」
(完全形 niini / niani の短縮)
品詞と意味
• 斜格(前置詞用)指示代名詞/限定詞
• ini / ’ni=「この〜の・この〜へ」
• ani=「その〜の・その〜へ」(聞き手側)
短縮形
• 標準:niini, niani
• 口語:ini → ’ni, ani(’nani とも表記される)
文中位置
• 必ず前置詞の直後:
- sa ini – この上で
- gikan ani – その近くから
- para ’ni – これ用に
よく使うフレーズ
使い方の詳細
注意点
• 前置詞なしで使わない。
• 距離を取り違えない(ini は近称、ani は中称)。
• 名詞を直接修飾できないので nga を入れない。
例文と品詞分解
セブアノ語 | 日本語訳 | 品詞分解 |
---|---|---|
Ibutang sa ini ang baso. | グラスをこの上に置いて。 | ibutang(動)置く • sa(前)〜に • ini(指示斜格)これ • ang(冠)その • baso(名)グラス |
Gikan ani ang baho. | 臭いはその辺からしている。 | gikan(前)〜から • ani(指示斜格)それ • ang(冠)その • baho(名)臭い |
Para ’ni ni Maria. | これはマリア用です。 | para(前)〜のため • ’ni(指示斜格)これ • ni(前)〜の • Maria(名)マリア |
まとめ
ini / ’ni は「この〜に/の」、ani は「その〜に/の」。前置詞の後だけで使い、主語や目的語用には kini / kana を選ぶのがポイント。