kaon

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Part of speech & core meaning
• Verb root (CV-pattern) meaning “eat.”
• As a bare root, it appears in commands (Kaon! “Eat!”) or fixed idioms, but normally takes verbal affixes for tense/aspect and focus.

Common derivations (focus & aspect)

FormFocusTypical translationUse / nuance
mag-kaonactor (AF)“will/would eat, eating”future, habitual, or progressive
mo-kaonactor (AF)“will eat (definite occasion)”near-future, intent
nag-kaonactor (AF)“is/was eating”progressive / past
ni-kaonactor (AF)“ate”completed perfective
mi-kaonactor (AF, plural 1st)“we (excl) ate”completed, plural actor
gi-kaonpatient (PF)“was eaten / is being eaten”patient in focus
kaun-onpatient (-on)to be eaten”future / irrealis object focus
kaon-anlocative (-an)“place to eat / to be eaten at”dining area, target location
paka-oncausative“feed (someone)”making someone eat

Where in the sentence?
• Verb normally opens the predicate: Nag-kaon si Mila ug saging.
• With pronoun enclitics: Mokaon ko karon.
• Patient-focus (kaun-on) sentences put the object before ang-phrase actor: Kaun-on niya ang mansanas.

Common phrases / collocations

  • kaon ug rice – eat rice
  • kaon ta! – let’s eat!
  • orasa sa kaon – meal time
  • dili makakaon – cannot eat
  • pakaon sa iro – dog food / feed the dog

Detailed usage notes

  1. Focus harmony: Use actor-focus when the doer is highlight (most daily chat). Use patient-focus if the food itself is the topic.
  2. Aspect: Cebuano distinguishes nag- (durative) vs. ni- (completed). Beginners often confuse them.
  3. Polite invitations: Kaon sa ta! – informal invite before eating.
  4. Compound nouns: kaonan (eat-LOC) > kitchen, eatery.

Common mistakes
• Mixing focus markers: ❌ Nag-kaon ako sa isda (actor-focus but patient marked sa). ✔ Nag-kaon ko ug isda.
• Forgetting ug before indefinite food item.
• Overusing mokaon for habitual; use mag-kaon for routines.

Example sentences & POS breakdown

CebuanoEnglishParts of speech
Mag-kaon ta ug pan ugma.We will eat bread tomorrow.mag-kaon (V-AF fut) eat • ta (PR 1pl incl) we • ug (OBJ) • pan (N) bread • ugma (ADV) tomorrow
Nag-kaon si Ana sa kantina.Ana is eating at the canteen.nag-kaon (V-AF prog) eating • si (MARK) • Ana (PN) • sa (PREP) at • kantina (N) canteen
Kaun-on nako ang lechon unya.I’ll eat the roast pig later.kaun-on (V-PF fut) will-be-eaten • nako (PR 1sg) by me • ang (ART) • lechon (N) roast-pig • unya (ADV) later
Paka-on ni Mama sa iro.Mom is feeding the dog.paka-on (V caus) feed • ni (GEN) by • Mama (N) mom • sa (OBJ) • iro (N) dog

Plain-English summary
kaon is the Cebuano root for “eat.” Add prefixes (mag-, mo-, nag-, ni-, mi-) for actor-focus tenses, gi- for patient focus, and suffixes -on / -an to highlight the food or place. Verb normally leads the clause; remember ug before an indefinite food item. Common invite: Kaon ta! (“Let’s eat!”).


日本語 –「kaon

品詞と基本的意味
• 動詞語根 「食べる」
• 裸の語幹は命令 Kaon!「食べて!」などで使うが、通常は接辞を付けて活用。

主要な派生形(フォーカスとアスペクト)

フォーカス意味用法
mag-kaon作用者「(習慣的に/これから)食べる」習慣・未来・進行
mo-kaon作用者「すぐ食べるつもり」近未来・意志
nag-kaon作用者「食べている/いた」進行
ni-kaon作用者「食べた」完了
mi-kaon作用者(1複排他)「私たち(除聞者)は食べた」完了
gi-kaon被動者「食べられた」受動・患者焦点
kaun-on被動者-on「食べられるもの」未来・目的語焦点
kaon-an場所-an「食堂/食べる場所」場所焦点
paka-on使役「食べさせる」与える/給餌

語順
• 動詞が述語冒頭:Nag-kaon si Mila ug saging.
• 被動者焦点 kaun-on では、行為者が ni/sa で後ろ:Kaun-on niya ang mansanas

よく使うコロケーション

  • kaon ug rice – ご飯を食べる
  • kaon ta! – 食べよう!
  • oras sa kaon – 食事時間
  • dili makakaon – 食べられない
  • pakaon sa iro – 犬に餌をやる

詳しい使い方

  1. フォーカス:動作主を強調する場合 actor-focus、食べ物を話題にする場合 patient-focus。
  2. アスペクト:nag-(進行)と ni-(完了)の使い分け。
  3. 誘い表現:Kaon sa ta!「まず食べましょう」。

注意点(よくある誤り)
• Actor-focus で目的語に sa を使う誤り:✔ ug にする。
• 毎日の習慣を mo-kaon で言ってしまう:✔ mag-kaon

会話例文と品詞分解

セブアノ語日本語訳品詞分解
Mag-kaon ta ug pan ugma.明日パンを食べよう。mag-kaon(動 AF 未来/習慣)食べる • ta(代 1複包括)私たち • ug(格)を • pan(名)パン • ugma(副)明日
Nag-kaon si Ana sa kantina.アナは食堂で食事中だ。nag-kaon(動 AF 進行)食べている • si(標識) • Ana(名)アナ • sa(前)〜で • kantina(名)食堂
Kaun-on nako ang lechon unya.後でレチョンを食べるよ。kaun-on(動 PF 未来)食べられる • nako(代 1単)私が • ang(冠)その • lechon(名)レチョン • unya(副)あとで
Paka-on ni Mama sa iro.ママが犬に餌をあげている。paka-on(動 使役)食べさせる • ni(前)〜が • Mama(名)母 • sa(前)〜に • iro(名)犬

まとめ
kaon は「食べる」の語根。接頭辞 mag- / mo- / nag- / ni- で作用者中心、接尾辞 -on / -an で目的語・場所中心、gi- で受動を作る。語順は動詞が先、目的語が ugang 後、フォーカスを誤らないよう注意する。

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