kuno

Cebuano Word: kuno

1 Part of Speech, Meaning, and Example Sentences

• Part of speech: adverb / discourse particle (evidential)
• Core meaning: “supposedly,” “allegedly,” “so they say” — signals that information is based on hearsay and invites some doubt.

Example sentences

• Mahinay kuno ang internet didto. — The internet there is supposedly slow.
• Gisaaran kuno sila og taas nga suweldo. — They were allegedly promised a high salary.
• Nindot kuno ang bag-ong resto, pero wala pa ko kasuway. — The new restaurant is said to be good, but I haven’t tried it yet.

2 Learning Points for Cebuano Adverbs (focus on kuno)

1. Evidential nuance: Kuno relays second-hand information and subtly distances the speaker from full endorsement.
2. Placement: Usually follows the verb or clause it qualifies (“Niabot kuno siya.”).
3. Tone marker: Adds a shade of skepticism; choose it when you are unsure or quoting rumors.
4. Contrast with daw: Both mark hearsay; kuno can sound more doubtful or ironic.
5. No inflection: Keep the form kuno; do not attach tense or plural markers.

3 Common Collocations

• ingon kuno – it is said that
• murag kuno – seems as if, supposedly
• gusto kuno – supposedly wants
• mahal kuno – said to be expensive
• wala kuno – reportedly none

4 Typical Sentence Position

• After the predicate for hearsay: “Mo-close kuno sila alas-nueve.”
• After murag or before adjectives for “apparently/like”: “Murag kuno lisod kaayo.”

5 Five Frequently Used Conversational Phrases

• “Busy kuno siya karon.” — He is supposedly busy now.
• “Mubaha kuno kon mo-ulan.” — They say it floods when it rains.
• “Wa pa kuno sila mahuman.” — They reportedly aren’t done yet.
• “Mahal kuno ni nga lugar.” — This place is said to be pricey.
• “Lami kuno ilang kape.” — Their coffee is supposedly tasty.

6 Five Everyday Conversation Exchanges

1. A: Gi-approve na kuno ang permit?
   B: Oo, gi-emailan kuno sila ganiha buntag.
   A: Has the permit been approved, they say?
   B: Yes, they were reportedly emailed this morning.
2. A: Taas kuno ang bayad sa kursu?
   B: Taas kuno gyud, doble sa normal.
   A: The course fee is high, they say?
   B: Supposedly very high, double the usual.
3. A: Murag kuno dili pa sigurado ang event?
   B: Oo, nag-hulat pa daw sila sa budget.
   A: It seems the event isn’t certain yet?
   B: Yes, they’re still waiting for the budget, apparently.
4. A: Nindot kuno ang bagong pelikula?
   B: Nindot kuno, daghan og positive reviews.
   A: The new movie is said to be good?
   B: Allegedly; it has many positive reviews.
5. A: Libre kuno ang workshop ugma?
   B: Libre kuno basta mag-register ka online.
   A: Tomorrow’s workshop is free, they say?
   B: Supposedly, as long as you register online.

7 Multiple-Choice Dialogue Questions

Q1. Niabot kuno ba ang package?
A. Niabot ang package kuno.
B. Niabot kuno ang package.
C. Kuno niabot ang package.

Q2. Gisaaran kuno siya og bonus?
A. Gisaaran kuno siya og bonus.
B. Siya gisaaran og bonus kuno.
C. Og bonus gisaaran kuno siya.

Q3. Murag kuno init kaayo karon?
A. Murag init kuno kaayo karon.
B. Murag kuno init kaayo karon.
C. Init kaayo karon murag kuno.

Q4. Wala kuno silay klase ugma?
A. Silay wala kuno klase ugma.
B. Wala kuno silay klase ugma.
C. Wala silay kuno klase ugma.

Q5. Mahal kuno ang bayad sa parking?
A. Mahal kuno ang bayad sa parking.
B. Ang bayad sa parking kuno mahal.
C. Bayad mahal kuno sa parking.

Answer Key

• Q1 – B Verb niabot first, kuno after verb, subject last; A and C misplace the evidential.
• Q2 – A Verb phrase plus kuno before indirect object; B & C split particle from verb or object.
• Q3 – B Pattern “murag + kuno + adjective phrase”; others put kuno after adjective or at clause end.
• Q4 – B Negative wala then kuno, subject, predicate; alternatives separate kuno incorrectly.
• Q5 – A Predicate adjective mahal, kuno immediately after, subject phrase follows; B & C break natural order.