na

Cebuano Word: na

1 Part of Speech, Meaning, and Example Sentences

• Part of speech: adverb / enclitic particle (completion, change of state)
• Core meanings:
  1. already / now – an action is completed or a new state exists.
  2. anymore / no longer when paired with a negative (wala na).

Example sentences

• Niabot na siya. — He has already arrived.
• Human na ang klase. — The class is finished now.
• Wala na sila diri. — They are no longer here.

2 Learning Points for Cebuano Adverbs (focus on na)

1. Opposite of pa. Na marks completion; pa marks continuity or “not yet.”
2. Fixed position. Place na after the verb, adjective, or phrase it modifies: “Limpyo na.”
3. Negative shift. Wala na means something has ceased: “Wala na koy kwarta.”
4. Soft commands. As a discourse cue, na can urge action: “Sige na!” (Come on now!)
5. Avoid redundancy. Do not pair na and already in the same English-Cebuano sentence; they duplicate meaning.

3 Common Collocations

• okay na – already fine / fixed
• tara na – let’s go now
• niabot na – already arrived
• human na – already done
• wala na – no more / no longer

4 Typical Sentence Position

• Immediately after the predicate or quantity:
  • “Naluto na ang kan-on.”
  • “Duha na ka tuig sukad niana.”

5 Five Frequently Used Conversational Phrases

• “Tara na, molarga na ta.” — Let’s go now; we’re leaving.
• “Okay na ka?” — Are you all right now?
• “Human na ko sa trabaho.” — I’m already finished with work.
• “Wala na koy pangutana.” — I have no more questions.
• “Hapit na ta didto.” — We’re almost there now.

6 Five Everyday Conversation Exchanges

1. A: Gi-send nimo ang file?
   B: Oo, gi-send na nako ganina.
   A: Did you send the file?
   B: Yes, I already sent it earlier.
2. A: Naa pa bay ticket?
   B: Wala na, sold out na tanan.
   A: Are there still tickets?
   B: None anymore, everything’s sold out.
3. A: Mahuman na ba ang proyekto karon?
   B: Human na jud; gi-review na lang.
   A: Will the project finish today?
   B: It’s already done; just under review.
4. A: Gigutom pa ka?
   B: Dili na, busog na ko.
   A: Are you still hungry?
   B: Not anymore, I’m full now.
5. A: Kuyog ka namo?
   B: Sige, maayo na lang maka-relax ko.
   A: Will you join us?
   B: Sure, it’s good I can relax now.

7 Multiple-Choice Dialogue Questions

Q1. Niabot na ba ang jeep?
A. Niabot na ang jeep.
B. Na niabot ang jeep.
C. Ang jeep niabot na.

Q2. Human na ba nimo ang report?
A. Human nimo na ang report.
B. Human na nako ang report.
C. Nako human na ang report.

Q3. Wala na ba sila maghulat?
A. Wala sila maghulat na.
B. Wala na sila maghulat.
C. Na wala sila maghulat.

Q4. Luwas na ba ang dalan?
A. Ang dalan luwas na.
B. Luwas na ang dalan.
C. Luwas ang dalan na.

Q5. Makabiyahe na ta karon?
A. Makabiyahe ta na karon.
B. Ta makabiyahe na karon.
C. Makabiyahe na ta karon.

Answer Key

• Q1 – A Verb niabot then na, subject last; option C acceptable but A keeps verb-initial focus.
• Q2 – B Predicate human na, actor nako, object last; others mis-order na or actor.
• Q3 – B Negative wala na precedes subject; A and C misplace na.
• Q4 – B Adjective luwas followed by na, then subject; A swaps order, C places na far from adjective.
• Q5 – C Auxiliary verb makabiyahe plus na, then subject and time; A and B separate na from the verb.