namo

日本語の説明は英語の後にあります。

1. Part of Speech, Usage & Example

• Part of Speech: First-person plural exclusive pronoun (object/possessive form)
• Usage: Marks “us” or “our” when the speaker and one or more others—but not the listener—are involved.
• Quick Example:
  • Gihatag namo ang regalo. (“We [excluding you] gave the gift.”)

2. Contracted Form

• There is no standard contraction for namo.
• In very casual speech you might hear it slurred as n’mo, but stick with namo.

3. Sentence Position

• Always follows a verb or preposition, never as the subject.
  • ✅ Gihatag namo ang libro. (“We gave the book.”)
  • ✅ Para namo kini. (“This is for us.”)
  • ❌ Namo gihatag ang libro.
  • ❌ Namo nagluto. → As a subject use kita (inclusive) or kami (exclusive).

4. Common Phrases (Collocations)

• gihatag namo = we (exclusive) gave
• para namo = for our (group)
• gikan namo = from us
• uban namo = (come) with us
• wala pa namo = we haven’t yet

5. Detailed Usage

1. Agent of action (we did it):
   • Gihatag namo ang donasyon.
     “We [excluding you] gave the donation.”
2. Recipient (for us):
   • Para namo kini nga proyekto.
     “This project is for us.”
3. Possessive (our):
   • Kwarta namo karon.
     “Our money right now.”
4. Exclusive vs. inclusive:
   • namo excludes the listener (“we, but not you”)
   • nato includes the listener (“we, including you”)

6. Common Mistakes

• Confusing “namo” vs. “nato”
  • Gihatag nato … (“we including you gave…”)
  • Gihatag namo … (“we excluding you gave…”)
• Using “namo” as subject
  • ❌ Namo nagtrabaho. → ✅ Kami/kita ang nagtrabaho.
• Word-order slip
  • ❌ Namo gihatag ang regalo. → ✅ Gihatag namo ang regalo.

7. Example Sentences (Everyday Conversation)

1. Gihatag namo ang regalo sa maestro.
2. Para namo ni nga panihapon.
3. Uban namo karong gabii?

8. Parts-of-Speech Breakdown

9. Questions

Q1. Asa namo ibutang ang lamisa?
A. Namo ibutang ang lamisa sa sala.
B. Ibuta sa sala namo ang lamisa.
C. Ibutang namo ang lamisa sa sala.

Q2. Kanus-a namo bayaran ang renta?
A. Bayaran namo ang renta ugma.
B. Ugma namo ang renta bayaran.
C. Namo bayaran ugma ang renta.

Q3. Kinsa ang mukuyog namo sa biyahe?
A. Mukuyog sa biyahe si Ana namo.
B. Si Ana mukuyog namo sa biyahe.
C. Namo si Ana mukuyog sa biyahe.

Q4. Unsa ang gusto namo kan-on karon?
A. Gusto kan-on namo karon ang adobo.
B. Karon ang adobo gusto namo kan-on.
C. Gusto namo kan-on ang adobo karon.

Q5. Ngano wala pa namo nadawat ang sulat?
A. Nadawat namo wala pa ang sulat kay nadugay ang koreyo.
B. Wala pa namo nadawat ang sulat kay nadugay ang koreyo.
C. Kay nadugay ang koreyo, sulat wala pa namo nadawat.

Part 2 – Answer Key and Explanations

Q1 – Correct: C
• “Ibutang” (verb) + “namo” (actor) + object + place = normal word order.
• A starts with “namo,” leaving the verb without its actor and sounds clipped.
• B places “namo” after the place phrase, breaking verb–actor connection.

Q2 – Correct: A
• Verb “Bayaran” + actor “namo” + object + time is clear and grammatical.
• B moves time to the front and splits verb from actor; feels muddled.
• C places “namo” before the verb, an order seldom used in Cebuano.

Q3 – Correct: B
• Subject “Si Ana” + verb + actor “namo” + destination is a smooth declarative.
• A puts destination between verb and actor, making the clause awkward.
• C begins with “namo,” leaving verb and subject disjointed.

Q4 – Correct: C
• Verb “Gusto” + actor “namo” + infinitive “kan-on” + object + time = natural flow.
• A inserts “namo” after the infinitive, splitting the actor from the main verb.
• B moves time before object, disrupting expected sequence.

Q5 – Correct: B
• Negative marker + actor “namo” + verb + object + reason is straightforward.
• A places “namo” after the verb “nadawat,” but also jumbles word order.
• C fronts the reason clause and scatters verb elements, causing confusion.