nimo

日本語の説明は英語の後にあります

1. Part of Speech

“nimo” is a personal pronoun (second person singular possessive or object pronoun).

2. Contracted Form

There is no official contracted form of “nimo”, but it is sometimes shortened in casual speech depending on sentence rhythm (ex: imu → ’mo in some dialects, but this is regional and not standard).

3. Where to use it in a sentence

“nimo” is used after a verb or preposition to indicate “you / your” in object or possessive form.
Example:

• after verbs → Gihatagan nimo (You gave)
• after prepositions → Para nimo (For you)

It cannot be used as a subject (that would be ikaw or ka).

4. Common phrases with “nimo”

• para nimo = for you
• gikan nimo = from you
• unsa man naa nimo? = what’s with you?
• Wala ko nagdahom ana nimo = I didn’t expect that from you

5. Detailed usage

“nimo” acts as the non-subject form of “ikaw/ka” (you).
It answers the question “who received the action?” or “whose?”

Examples of use:

• As object:
  → Gipalit nimo. (You bought it.)
• As possessive:
  → Amigo nimo. (Your friend.)

Think of “nimo” = “to you / by you / of you / your” depending on the sentence.

6. Common mistakes

• Don’t use “nimo” as subject → Incorrect: Nimo nagluto. → Correct: Ikaw ang nagluto.
• Confusing “nimo” with “imo” → Both mean “your,” but “nimo” follows a verb or preposition, while “imo” is used when stressing ownership:
  → Imo kini. (This is yours.)

7. Example sentences

a.

• Cebuano: Gihatagan ko nimo og libro.
• English: You gave me a book.

b.

• Cebuano: Para nimo ni.
• English: This is for you.

c.

• Cebuano: Naunsa ka? Wala ko nagdahom ana nimo.
• English: What happened to you? I didn’t expect that from you.

8. Breakdown of example sentences

a. Gihatagan ko nimo og libro.

• Gihatagan (verb) = gave
• ko (pronoun) = I/me
• nimo (pronoun) = by you
• og (objective article)
• libro (noun) = book

b. Para nimo ni.

• Para (preposition) = for
• nimo (pronoun) = you
• ni (demonstrative) = this

c. Naunsa ka? Wala ko nagdahom ana nimo.

• Naunsa (verb) = what happened
• ka (pronoun) = you (subject)
• Wala (adverb) = not
• ko (pronoun) = I
• nag-dahom (verb) = expect
• ana – that
• nimo (pronoun) = from you

Question

Below are five brief Cebuano dialogues featuring the oblique pronoun nimo (“by you / for you / with you”).
For each dialogue you see:

• One question.
• Three possible answers (A – C).
  • Exactly one sentence is grammatical (word order correct).
  • The correct sentence is randomly placed within A–C.
  • The other two answers contain word-order errors but still include nimo.
• An English translation of the question only (so you can grasp the context).

Q1: Asa na ang imong telepono?
(Where is your phone now?)

Q2: Kinsa ang naghatag sa dokumento?
(Who gave the document?)

Q3: Para kinsa ni nga regalo?
(For whom is this gift?)

Q:4 Kinsa ang nagdala sa bag?
(Who carried the bag?)

Q5: Kinsay nagsulat ani nga nota?
(Who wrote this note?)

Answer

Question1: Asa na ang imong telepono?
Correct reply: “Naa nimo ang telepono.”

• Why this is correct
  Naa is an existential verb (“is/are with”). A clitic like nimo must attach immediately after naa.
  The phrase ang telepono (“the phone”) follows, marking the item possessed.
  Pattern: naa + nimo + ang + noun.
• Why the others are wrong
  Naa telepono nimo ang. – The object precedes nimo, and ang is stranded at the end—focus marker has no noun to mark.
  Ang naa nimo telepono. – ang incorrectly marks the verb naa; word order is scrambled.

Question2: Kinsa ang naghatag sa dokumento?
Correct reply: “Gihatag nimo ang dokumento.”

• Why this is correct
  In a patient-focus clause, the verb gihatag (“gave”) appears first; the agent nimo must come right after the verb.
  The focused object ang dokumento (“the document”) follows.
• Why the others are wrong
  Gihatag ang nimo dokumento. – ang is inserted before nimo, so the focus marker no longer directly precedes the object.
  Nimo gihatag ang dokumento. – nimo is placed before the verb, violating the rule that the clitic follows its verb.

Question3: Para kinsa ni nga regalo?
Correct reply: “Para nimo ni nga regalo.”

• Why this is correct
  The preposition para (“for”) must be followed directly by the oblique pronoun nimo.
  Then comes the demonstrative-noun phrase ni nga regalo (“this gift”).
  Structure: para + nimo + demonstrative + noun.
• Why the others are wrong
  Ni nga regalo para nimo. – The noun phrase interrupts para and nimo; preposition–clitic link is broken.
  Para ni nga nimo regalo. – nimo is placed after the demonstrative, again breaking para + pronoun bonding.

Question4: Kinsa ang nagdala sa bag?
Correct reply: “Gidala nimo ang bag.”

• Why this is correct
  Verb gidala (“brought”) comes first; clitic nimo follows the verb; object ang bag (“the bag”) completes the clause.
  This conforms to patient-focus order: Verb + nimo + ang + object.
• Why the others are wrong
  Gidala ang bag nimo. – Object ang bag is inserted before nimo, separating the verb from its clitic.
  Nimo gidala ang bag. – nimo is placed before the verb instead of immediately after it.

Question:5 Kinsay nagsulat ani nga nota?
Correct reply: “Gisulat nimo kini nga nota.”

• Why this is correct
  Verb gisulat (“wrote”) → clitic nimo → demonstrative + noun kini nga nota (“this note”).
  Exactly follows the patient-focus template.
• Why the others are wrong
  Gisulat ani nga nota nimo. – Object phrase inserted before nimo, breaking verb–clitic adjacency.
  Ang gisulat nimo ani nga nota. – Focus marker ang incorrectly precedes the verb, and word order is scrambled.

セブアノ語「nimo」解説

1. 品詞

「nimo」 は 人称代名詞（2人称単数の所有・目的格代名詞） です。
英語の “you / your”（目的格・所有格）に相当します。

2. 短縮形

正式な短縮形はありません。ただし地方や口語でリズム的に省略されることがありますが、標準語では 「nimo」 です。

3. 文中での位置

「nimo」は 動詞や前置詞の後 に置きます。
※主語（I, you, he…に相当）にはなれません。

例：

• Gihatag nimo. → あなたが渡した。
• Para nimo. → あなたのために。

4. よく使う組み合わせ

• para nimo = あなたのために
• gikan nimo = あなたから
• unsa man naa nimo? = あなた、どうしたの？
• wala ko nagdahom nimo = あなたからは予想していなかった

5. 使い方の詳しい説明

「nimo」は「あなた / あなたの」 を表しますが、 動詞や前置詞の後 にのみ使います。
主語 としては使えません。（主語は ikaw / ka）

主なパターン

• 動詞 + nimo
  → Gipalit nimo.（あなたが買った）
• 前置詞 + nimo
  → Para nimo.（あなたのため）

6. 学習者が間違えやすいポイント

• 主語として使ってしまう
  ❌ Nimo nagluto. → ❌間違い
  ✅ Ikaw ang nagluto. → ✅正しい
• 「nimo」と「imo」を混同する
  → nimo は動詞や前置詞の後
  → imo は強く所有を表すとき
  （例）
  → Imo kini.（これはあなたの物です）

7. 日常会話の例文

①
Cebuano：Gihatagan ko nimo og libro.
日本語：あなたが私に本をくれた。

②
Cebuano：Para nimo ni.
日本語：これはあなたのためです。

③
Cebuano：Naunsa ka? Wala ko nagdahom ana nimo.
日本語：どうしたの？まさかあなたからは想像してなかった。

8. 例文の品詞分解

① Gihatagan ko nimo og libro.

• Gihatagan（動詞）＝ 与えた
• ko（代名詞）＝ 私が
• nimo（代名詞）＝ あなたが
• og（接続語）＝ ～を
• libro（名詞）＝ 本

② Para nimo ni.

• Para（前置詞）＝ ～のために
• nimo（代名詞）＝ あなた
• ni（指示詞）＝ これ

③ Naunsa ka? Wala ko nagdahom ana nimo.

• Naunsa（動詞）＝ どうした
• ka（代名詞）＝ あなた
• wala（副詞）＝ ～なかった
• ko（代名詞）＝ 私が
• nag-dahom（動詞）＝ 予想する
• ana = その、あの、それ
• nimo（代名詞）＝ あなたから

9. まとめ

「nimo」 は 動詞や前置詞の後で使う「あなた / あなたの」。
主語には使えません。

• Verb + nimo → あなたが〇〇した
• Preposition + nimo → あなたのため / あなたから

例：

• Gihatagan nimo → あなたが渡した
• Para nimo → あなたのため

「nimo」と「imo」の使い分けに気をつけましょう。