1 Part of speech, core meaning, and example sentences
- Part of speech
- Core meaning
- Granting (or withholding) the right to do something; giving formal or informal permission.
- Example sentences
- Mo-tugot ko nimo nga mogamit sa akong laptop. → I will allow you to use my laptop.
- Nag-tugot ang lungsod sa night market kada Sabado. → The town permits a night market every Saturday.
- Gi-tugotan sa ginikanan ang bata nga mulakaw uban sa klase. → The child was permitted by the parents to go with the class.
2 Verb derivations of tugot
| Form | Voice & aspect | English gloss | Example sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
| mag-tugot | Actor-focus, habitual / future | will usually allow | Mag-tugot siya ug overtime basta justified. |
| mo-tugot | Actor-focus, non-past / imperative | will allow; allow! | Mo-tugot ta karon, ha. |
| nag-tugot | Actor-focus, progressive | is / was allowing | Nag-tugot ko sa bisita pag-tuo sa pets. |
| ni-tugot / mi-tugot | Actor-focus, completed past | allowed | Ni-tugot ang boss sa work-from-home gahapon. |
| gi-tugotan | Patient / beneficiary focus, completed past | was allowed by … | Gi-tugotan sa coach ang player nga mopahuway. |
| tugot-on (-on) | Patient-focus, future / imp. | to be allowed / allow it | Tugot-on nato ang request kung kompleto ang papeles. |
| tugot-an / tugot-i (-an / -i) | Beneficiary / locative | to allow someone / allow at | Tugot-i ko palihog nga mosulod alas-otso. |
3 Typical clause placement
- Actor-focus: Mo-tugot ko sa extension kung naay rason.
- Patient-focus: Gi-tugotan ang proyekto sa city council.
- Beneficiary / locative: Tugot-i sila ug usa ka adlaw nga leave.
4 Common collocations
- tugot sa ginikanan — parental consent
- walay tugot — without permission
- motugot ang Diyos — God willing
- tugot sa opisyal — official permit
- tugot-on nga oras — authorized hours
5 How the word is used in detail
- Formal vs. informal — Used by parents, teachers, managers, and government offices alike.
- Documentary sense — tugot can refer to written permits: building, travel, absence slips.
- Negative form — dili motugot (“will not allow”) often signals strict refusal.
- Cultural nuance — Asking “Pwede ko? Motugot ka?” shows respect for authority or elders.
- Suffix values — -an / -i point to who gets permission (tugot-i ko), -on to what action gets permitted (tugot-on ang event).
6 Common mistakes & how to avoid them
| Mistake | Problem | Correct form |
|---|---|---|
| Mo-tugot ako sa plan. | Clitic ko must follow the verb. | Mo-tugot ko sa plan. |
| Gi-tugot ko ang anak. | gi- form needs genitive actor (ni / sa). | Gi-tugotan ni ko ang anak. |
| Tugot-on ta siya! | Beneficiary command should be tugot-i. | Tugot-i siya! |
| Nag-tugot sa rules | Subject missing. | Nag-tugot ang admin sa rules. |
7 Conversational phrases
- “Tugot-a ko, Palihog.” — “Please allow me.”
- “Dili motugot si Mama nga mag-gabi-i ka.” — “Mom won’t allow you to stay out late.”
- “Kung motugot ka, mu-uban ko.” — “If you permit, I’ll come along.”
- “Naay tugot ang event hangtod alas-dosi ra.” — “The event is only permitted until midnight.”
- “Wala pa tugoti ang proposal.” — “The proposal hasn’t been approved yet.”
8 Short everyday conversations
- A: Pwede ko mouli sayo? — May I go home early?
B: Oo, mo-tugot ko basta nahuman nimo ang report. — Yes, I’ll allow it as long as you finished the report. - A: Ni-tugot ba ang landlord sa renovation? — Did the landlord allow the renovation?
B: Wala pa, nangayo pa siyag plano. — Not yet; he’s asking for a plan. - A: Tugot-i ko palihog nga mag-leave sunod semana. — Please allow me to take leave next week.
B: Sige, i-file lang sa HR. — Okay, just file it with HR. - A: Nag-tugot ba ang school og cellphone sulod sa klase? — Does the school allow cellphones inside class?
B: Dili, confiscate jud kung madakpan. — No, they’ll confiscate them if caught. - A: Kung motugot ang panahon, mag-outing ta. — If the weather allows, let’s go on an outing.
B: Bitaw, hinaot nga way ulan. — True, hope there’s no rain.
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