tulog

Part of speech
- Verb (root): tulog — “to sleep”
- Common noun: tulog — “sleep” (the state or act)
Sentence-position rule
A conjugated tulog form typically heads the predicate and any clitic actor-pronoun follows right after it. Mo-tulog ko sayo karong gabii.
I will sleep early tonight.
Example sentences
- Mo-tulog ko alas diyes sa gabii. — I will sleep at ten p.m. tonight.
  - Mo-tulog – Verb, actor focus, future aspect
  - ko – Personal pronoun, first-person singular clitic (actor)
  - alas diyes – Time expression “ten o’clock”
  - sa gabii – Locative phrase “at night”
- Nag-tulog sila og duha ka oras human sa byahe. — They slept for two hours after the trip.
  - Nag-tulog – Verb, actor focus, progressive/past continuous
  - sila – Personal pronoun, third-person plural (actor)
  - og – Object-marker for duration
  - duha ka oras – Numeral phrase “two hours”
  - human sa byahe – Prepositional phrase “after the trip”
- Gi-tulugan ni Ana ang leksyon sa klase. — The lesson was slept through by Ana in class.
  - Gi-tulugan – Verb, patient focus, past aspect
  - ni Ana – Genitive phrase (actor)
  - ang leksyon – Noun phrase (patient)
  - sa klase – Locative phrase “in class”

Form	Voice & aspect	Typical translation	Sample sentence
mag-tulog	Actor focus, habitual / future	“will be sleeping / usually sleep”	Mag-tulog siya ug sayo kada gabii. — She usually sleeps early every night.
mo-tulog	Actor focus, non-past / imperative	“will sleep; sleep!”	Mo-tulog ta karon kay kapoy na. — Let’s sleep now because we’re tired.
nag-tulog	Actor focus, progressive	“is / was sleeping”	Nag-tulog ko pag-abot nimo. — I was sleeping when you arrived.
mi-tulog / ni-tulog	Actor focus, completed past	“slept”	Ni-tulog sila ug sayo kagabii. — They slept early last night.
gi-tulugan	Patient focus, completed past	“was slept through / ignored”	Gi-tulugan sa bata ang istorya sa maestra. — The child slept through the teacher’s story.
tulugon (-on)	Patient focus, future / imperative	“to be slept on / sleep on it”	Tulugon sa grupo ang desisyon sa kontrata. — The group will sleep on the contract decision.
tulugan (-an)	Locative focus	“place to sleep / sleep at”	Tulugan nato ang hotel sa dalan Cebu. — We will sleep at the hotel on Cebu Street.

Main senses — Physical sleep (mo-tulog ko) or figurative neglect (gi-tulugan ang problema “the problem was ignored”).
Duration marking — Combine og with a time span: nag-tulog siya og lima ka oras.
Locative focus — tulugan highlights the sleeping place: tulugan sa bisita “guest sleeping area.”
Reduplication — tulog-tulog can imply light napping or dozing off.
Imperatives — tuluga! (patient: “sleep on it!”) and tulugi! (locative: “sleep at/on …!”).

Mistake	Issue	Correct form
Mo-tulog ako unya.	Actor clitic must directly follow the verb.	Mo-tulog ko unya.
Gi-tulog ko ang libro.	Wrong voice; actor with gi- needs genitive phrase.	Gi-tulugan ni ko ang libro.
Tulugon ta siya!	Beneficiary/locative command needs tulugi.	Tulugi siya!

A: Unsa oras ka mo-tulog? — What time will you sleep?
B: Mo-tulog ko alas onse. — I’ll sleep at eleven.
A: Nag-tulog pa si Papa? — Is Dad still sleeping?
B: Oo, kapoy siya gikan sa trabaho. — Yes, he’s tired from work.
A: Tulugi lang ang sala, ha? — Just sleep in the living room, okay?
B: Sige, salamat sa asoy. — Sure, thanks for the offer.
A: Nganong ni-tulog ka sa presentasyon? — Why did you sleep during the presentation?
B: Wala ko kabantay, gikapoy gyud ko. — I didn’t notice; I was really exhausted.
A: Mag-tulog ta sa resort ugma? — Shall we sleep at the resort tomorrow?
B: Oo, gikan ta sa dagat ug human magpahuway didto. — Yes, after we come from the sea we’ll rest there.