1 Part of speech, core meaning, and example sentences (bullet format)
- Part of speech
- Core meaning
- Refers to systematic effort put into making something grow or progress—most often farmland, but also projects, talent, or communities
- Example sentences
- Mo-ugmad ko sa yuta aron makatanom ta og mais. → I will cultivate the land so we can plant corn.
- Nag-ugmad sila sa ilang negosyo pinaagi sa online marketing. → They are developing their business through online marketing.
- Gi-ugmad sa LGU ang rural tourism sa baryo. → The local government unit developed rural tourism in the village.
2 Verb derivations of ugmad
| Form | Voice / aspect | English gloss | Sample sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
| mag-ugmad | Actor-focus, habitual / future | “will regularly cultivate / develop” | Mag-ugmad siya ug bag-ong skills kada tuig. |
| mo-ugmad | Actor-focus, non-past / imperative | “will cultivate; cultivate!” | Mo-ugmad ta sa project karon, ha. |
| nag-ugmad | Actor-focus, progressive | “is / was cultivating” | Nag-ugmad ko sa garden pag-text nimo. |
| ni-ugmad / mi-ugmad | Actor-focus, completed past | “cultivated / developed” | Ni-ugmad sila sa uma kagahapon. |
| gi-ugmad | Patient-focus, completed past | “was cultivated / developed by …” | Gi-ugmad sa farmers’ coop ang kakao plantation. |
| ugmad-on (-on) | Patient-focus, future / imp. | “to be cultivated / develop it” | Ugmad-on nato ang programa sa edukasyon. |
| ugmad-an / ugmad-i (-an / -i) | Locative / beneficiary | “to cultivate for / develop in” | Ugmad-i ko palihog ug disiplina ang bata. |
3 Typical clause placement
- Actor focus: Mo-ugmad ko ug organikong tanom sa likod.
- Patient focus: Gi-ugmad ang teknolohiya sa kompanya.
- Locative / beneficiary: Ugmad-i sila sa entrepreneurship skills.
4 Common collocations
- ugmad sa yuta — land cultivation
- ugmad sa talento — talent development
- mag-ugmad og proyekto — cultivate a project
- gi-ugmad sa gobyerno — developed by the government
- ugmad-on nga industriya — industry to be developed
5 Detailed usage notes
- Agricultural root – Historically centered on farming: plowing, enriching soil, planting.
- Broader metaphor – Now widely used for personal growth (ugmad sa kaugalingon), economic projects, and community development.
- Markers –
- Beneficiary suffixes – -an / -i show whom you develop something for: ugmad-i sila ug mindset.
- As noun – dako’g ugmad sa barangay → “big development in the village.”
6 Common mistakes & how to avoid them
| Mistake | Problem | Correct form |
|---|---|---|
| Mo-ugmad ako ug uma. | Pronoun must follow the verb. | Mo-ugmad ko ug uma. |
| Gi-ugmad ko ang proyekto. | gi- needs genitive actor (ni / sa). | Gi-ugmad ni ko ang proyekto. |
| Ugmad-on ta siya! | Beneficiary command should be ugmad-i. | Ugmad-i siya! |
| Nag-ugmad sa skills | Missing subject. | Nag-ugmad sila sa skills. |
7 Everyday phrases with ugmad
- “Ugmad-a pa gyud na imong abilidad.” — “Keep developing that skill.”
- “Nindot ang ugmad sa lugar kay daghan proyekto.” — “The area’s development is good because there are many projects.”
- “Mo-ugmad ko og bag-ong hobby karong tuig.” — “I’ll cultivate a new hobby this year.”
- “Walay kalamboan kung walay ugmad.” — “There’s no progress without development.”
- “Gi-ugmad ni Dad ang aming taniman sukad pa sauna.” — “Dad has cultivated our garden since before.”
8 Short everyday conversations
- A: Mo-ugmad ka ba ug gulay sa patio? — Will you grow vegetables on the patio?
B: Oo, para preskong lutuan. — Yes, so we have fresh ingredients. - A: Nag-ugmad pa sila sa proposal? — Are they still developing the proposal?
B: Oo, kinahanglan pa og data. — Yes, they still need data. - A: Ugmad-i ko palihog sa akong resume. — Please help me improve my résumé.
B: Sige, akong i-review karon dayon. — Sure, I’ll review it right away. - A: Ni-ugmad ang barangay human sa bagong kalsada. — The village developed after the new road.
B: Tinood, mas sayon na ang biyahe. — True, travel is easier now. - A: Mag-ugmad ta og reading habit sa mga bata. — Let’s cultivate a reading habit in the kids.
B: Sakto, palitan nato silag libro. — Right, let’s buy them books.
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