Let’s review this video lesson!

If you accessed this webpage from YouTube, please scroll down to “Dialogue Practice.” If you would like to use this lesson as a review material with your teacher, start with “Vocabulary.”

In this lesson, you will:
1: be able to use Cebuano greetings in your daily life.
2: learn important expressions in Cebuano.

Vocabulary

Directions: Listen and repeat after your teacher.

1. Maayong buntag

• Meaning: Good morning
•  A very common greeting used in the morning.
• Example sentences:
  • Maayong buntag, Maria! (Good morning, Maria!)
  • Maayong buntag sad! (Good morning to you, too!)

2. Kumusta ka? / Kumusta ka karon?

• Meaning: How are you? / How are you today?
• Frequently used at the beginning of a conversation.
• Example sentences:
  • Kumusta ka? (How are you?)
  • Kumusta ka karon? (How are you today?)

3. Maayo ra ko / Maayo man sad

• Meaning: I’m fine / I’m also fine
• Commonly used to respond to someone asking how you are.
• Example sentences:
  • Maayo ra ko, salamat. (I’m fine, thank you.)
  • Maayo man sad. (I’m also fine.)

4. Nagtrabaho / Magtrabaho

• Meaning: To work / To do work
• Often used to talk about work or daily activities.
• Example sentences:
  • Nagtrabaho ra ko kagahapon. (I worked yesterday.)
  • Plano nako magtrabaho ugma. (I plan to work tomorrow.)

5. Magpahuway

• Meaning: To rest
• Frequently used when talking about resting or relaxing.
• Example sentences:
  • Plano nako magpahuway karon. (I plan to rest today.)
  • Magpahuway ta una. (Let’s take a break first.)

6. Importante

• Meaning: Important
• Used when discussing the importance of something.
• Example sentences:
  • Importante gyud mag-relaks usahay. (It’s really important to relax sometimes.)
  • Importante ang maayong panglawas. (Good health is important.)

7. Plano nako

• Meaning: I plan to / My plan is to
• Commonly used when discussing plans or intentions.
• Example sentences:
  • Plano nako magbasa og libro unya. (I plan to read a book later.)
  • Plano nako magbakasyon sunod semana. (I plan to take a vacation next week.)

Dialogue Practice

Directions: Read the following conversation with your teacher.

Tinaytina: Maayong buntag! Kumusta ka karon?

Dave: Maayong buntag sad! Maayo ra ko, salamat. Ikaw, kumusta?

Tinaytina: Maayo man sad. Nagtrabaho ra ko kagahapon, pero karon plano nako magpahuway.

Dave: Maayo na nga ideya. Importante gyud mag-relaks usahay.

Tinaytina: Good morning! How are you today?

Dave: Good morning, too! I’m fine, thank you. How about you?

Tinaytina: I’m good as well. I worked yesterday, but today I plan to rest.

Dave: That’s a good idea. It’s important to relax sometimes.

Questions:
Directions: Answer the questions about the story.

1. Unsa ang gisulti ni Tinaytina sa pagpanimbaya ni Dave sa sinugdanan?

What did Tinaytina say when greeting Dave at the beginning?

2. Unsa ang plano nga gihisgutan ni Dave alang karon?

What plan did Dave mention for today?

3. Unsa ang gibuhat ni Tinaytina kagahapon, ug unsa ang iyang plano buhaton karon?

What did Tinaytina do yesterday, and what does Tinaytina plan to do today?

Answers

1: Unsa ang gisulti ni Tinaytina sa pagpanimbaya ni Dave sa sinugdanan?

    What did Tinaytina say when greeting Dave at the beginning?

    Answer: Tinaytina said, “Maayong buntag!” which means “Good morning!”

2: Unsa ang plano nga gihisgutan ni Dave alang karon?

     What plan did Dave mention for today?

 Answer:  “Maayo na nga ideya. Importante gyud mag-relaks usahay,” which means Dave didn’t mention any specific plan but responded that relaxing is a good idea.

3: Unsa ang gibuhat ni Tinaytina kagahapon, ug unsa ang iyang plano buhaton karon?

　What did Tinaytina do yesterday, and what does Tinaytina plan to do today?

    Answer: Tinaytina worked yesterday and plans to rest today, 

　which menas “Nagtrabaho siya kagahapon, magpahuway siya karon.”

Exercise 

1. Vocabulary QuizDirections: Match the Cebuano word/phrase with its English translation.

Answer Key:
1 → b, 2 → c, 3 →a , 4 → d

2. Rearranging Exercise

Directions: Rearrange the following words to form a correct Cebuano sentence.

1. ra / ko / Nagtrabaho / kagahapon
2. buntag / Maayong / sad
3. plano / magpahuway / nako / karon / Pero

Answer:

1. Nagtrabaho ra ko kagahapon.
2. Maayong buntag sad.
3. Pero karon plano nako magpahuway.

3. Fill-in-the-Blanks

Directions: Complete the sentence with the correct Cebuano word.

1. Maayong ____! Kumusta ka karon?
   _(Good ___! How are you today?)
2. Nagtrabaho ra ko ____.
   _(I just worked ___.)
3. Importante gyud mag-relaks _____.
   _(It’s really important to relax ___.)

Answer Key:

1. buntag
2. kagahapon
3. usahay

4. Dictation Activity

Directions: Listen carefully to the following Cebuano sentences and speak out loud.

Sentences for Dictation:

1. ( buntag! / Maayong / ka / Kumusta / karon )?
2. ( ko / kagahapon / ra / Nagtrabaho ).
3. ( gyud / Importante / usahay / mag-relaks ).

5. Conversation Reconstruction

Directions: Put the dialogue in the correct order.

Dialogue Scramble:

1. Maayo man sad. Nagtrabaho ra ko kagahapon.
2. Maayong buntag sad! Maayo ra ko, salamat. Ikaw, kumusta?
3. Maayo na nga ideya. Importante gyud mag-relaks usahay.
4. Maayong buntag! Kumusta ka karon?
5. Pero karon plano nako magpahuway.

Answer Key:
4 → 2 → 1 → 5 → 3

Review

1:Three new words and phrases in the lesson.

2: Three difficult-to-pronounce words

Your teacher will choose and say each word. Please repeat the word with your teacher 3 times.

The following is a breakdown of each conversation sentence by parts of speech.

Line 1: A: Maayong buntag! Kumusta ka karon?

Here’s the part-of-speech breakdown for “Maayong buntag!”:

Line1: Maayong buntag!

1. Maayong

• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: Good, pleasant, favorable.
• Function: Describes the noun “buntag” (morning).
• Structure:
  • Root Word: Maayo (good).
  • Suffix: -ng (linking particle) connects the adjective to the noun it modifies.
• Note: In Cebuano, the suffix -ng is added to adjectives ending in a vowel when linking them to nouns.

2. Buntag

• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: Morning.
• Function: Specifies the time of day being described.

*Cebuano Suffix: -ng

The -ng suffix in Cebuano is a linking particle used to connect words, particularly adjectives, pronouns, or certain phrases, to the nouns or clauses they modify. It helps create a smoother flow in sentences and ensures grammatical correctness.

Primary Function

1. Linking Adjective to Noun
   
   • When an adjective modifies a noun, -ng is added to the adjective if it ends in a vowel.
   • Example:
     • Maayo (good) + -ng → Maayong buntag (Good morning).
2. Connecting Pronouns or Clauses
   
   • It connects pronouns, possessive phrases, or descriptive clauses to the main subject or noun.
   • Example:
     • Akong amigo (My friend).
       • Ako (I) + -ng → Akong (My).
3. Smoothing Sentence Flow
   
   • Acts as a grammatical tool to ensure sentences flow naturally and sound complete.

When to Use -ng

1. Adjectives Ending in a Vowel
   
   • If an adjective ends in a vowel, -ng is added to link it to the noun.
     • Example:
       • Bag-o (new) → Bag-ong balay (new house).
2. Possessive Pronouns
   
   • Cebuano possessive pronouns often incorporate -ng to connect them to the noun being possessed.
     • Example:
       • Ako (I) → Akong libro (My book).
3. Relative Clauses
   
   • Links descriptive clauses to the main noun or subject.
     • Example:
       • Ang balay nga gitukod niya kay nindot.
         (The house that he built is beautiful.)

Expanded Examples

Adjective + Noun

1. Maayo (good) + -ng → Maayong adlaw
   (Good day).
   
2. Dako (big) + -ng → Dakong balay
   (Big house).
   
3. Gamay (small) + -ng → Gamay’ng isda
   (Small fish).
   
4. Bata (young) + -ng → Bata’ng babaye
   (Young girl).
   

Possessive Pronoun + Noun

1. Ako (I) + -ng → Akong amigo
   (My friend).
   
2. Ila (theirs) + -ng → Ilang balay
   (Their house).
   
3. Amo (ours, exclusive) + -ng → Among kusina
   (Our kitchen).
   
4. Imo (yours) + -ng → Imong kwarta
   (Your money).
   

Descriptive Clause + Noun

1. Ang tawo nga naglakaw kay akong igsoon.
   (The person who is walking is my sibling.)
   
2. Ang balay nga imong gipili kay barato.
   (The house that you chose is cheap.)
   
3. Gipangita nako ang bag nga nawala kagahapon.
   (I’m looking for the bag that was lost yesterday.)
   
4. Ang iro nga nagdagan kusog kay makuli.
   (The dog that runs fast is black.)
   

Other Phrases with -ng

1. Ang gatas nga bugnaw kay lami.
   (The milk that is cold is delicious.)
   
2. Akong amigo nga buotan nitabang kanako.
   (My kind friend helped me.)
   
3. Ang bata nga nagsul-ob og pula mao ang mananayaw.
   (The child wearing red is the dancer.)
   
4. Ang baybayon nga limpyo kay matahum.
   (The beach that is clean is beautiful.)
   

Line1: Kumusta ka karon?

• Part of Speech: Interrogative Phrase (Question)
• Pronunciation: /kuˈmus.ta ka kaˈron/

Meaning:

“Kumusta ka karon?” translates to “How are you now?” or “How are you today?” in English. It is a polite and common way to inquire about someone’s current condition or well-being.

Word-by-Word Breakdown:

1. Kumusta

• Part of Speech: Interjection
• Meaning: How are you? / How are things?
• Function: Serves as a greeting or inquiry about someone’s condition.
• Origin: Derived from the Spanish word “¿Cómo está?” (How are you?).

2. Ka

• Part of Speech: Pronoun (Second Person Singular)
• Meaning: You.
• Function: Refers to the person being addressed.

3. Karon

• Part of Speech: Adverb
• Meaning: Now / Today.
• Function: Specifies the time frame for the inquiry, focusing on the present moment.

Usage Contexts:

1. Checking on someone’s well-being:
   • Used in casual or polite conversations to ask about someone’s current condition.
2. Reconnecting with someone:
   • Often used when meeting someone after a gap in communication.

Example Sentences:

1. Kumusta ka karon? Wala na ba kay problema?
   (How are you now? Do you have no more problems?)
   
2. Kumusta ka karon? Unsa imong gibuhat?
   (How are you today? What are you doing?)
   
3. Kumusta ka karon? Gihigugma gihapon ka nako.
   (How are you now? I still love you.)
   

Similar Phrases:

1. Kumusta ka?
   (How are you?) – General, without specifying time.
2. Kumusta mo karon?
   (How are you all now?) – Plural form, addressing a group.
3. Kumusta imong adlaw?
   (How is your day?) – Focused on the day instead of the current moment.

Line2: Maayong buntag sad

• Part of Speech: Phrase (Greeting)
• Pronunciation: /maˈʔa.joŋ ˈbun.tag sad/

Meaning:

“Maayong buntag sad” translates to “Good morning too” or “Good morning as well” in English. It is a polite response to the greeting “Maayong buntag” (Good morning).

Word-by-Word Breakdown:

1. Maayong

• Part of Speech: Adjective
• Meaning: Good, pleasant, favorable.
• Function: Describes the noun “buntag” (morning).
• Structure:
  • Root Word: Maayo (good).
  • Suffix: -ng (linking particle that connects the adjective to the noun).

2. Buntag

• Part of Speech: Noun
• Meaning: Morning.
• Function: Specifies the time of day being described.

3. Sad

• Part of Speech: Adverb
• Meaning: Too, also, as well.
• Function: Indicates agreement or reciprocity, emphasizing that the speaker is returning the greeting.

Usage Contexts:

1. Responding to a Greeting:
   • Used as a polite and friendly reply when someone says “Maayong buntag”.
2. Casual or Formal Settings:
   • Can be used in both informal and formal contexts when greeting someone.

Example Conversations:

1. Example 1 (Casual Setting):
   
   • Person A: Maayong buntag!
     (Good morning!)
   • Person B: Maayong buntag sad!
     (Good morning too!)
2. Example 2 (Formal Setting):
   
   • Boss: Maayong buntag! Unsa ang atong mga plano karon?
     (Good morning! What are our plans for today?)
   • Employee: Maayong buntag sad, Sir! Ako nang gipreparar ang report.
     (Good morning too, Sir! I’ve already prepared the report.)
3. Example 3 (Friends Chatting):
   
   • Friend A: Maayong buntag! Unsa imong plano karon?
     (Good morning! What’s your plan today?)
   • Friend B: Maayong buntag sad! Wala pa, relax lang ko.
     (Good morning too! Nothing yet, I’m just relaxing.)

Similar Responses:

1. Maayong adlaw sad.
   (Good day too.)
   
2. Maayong hapon sad.
   (Good afternoon too.)
   
3. Maayong gabii sad.
   (Good evening too.)
   

Line2: Maayo ra ko, salamat

• Part of Speech: Phrase
• Pronunciation: /maˈʔa.jo ra ko saˈla.mat/

Meaning:

“Maayo ra ko, salamat” translates to “I’m fine, thank you” in English. It is a common response